ECONOMICAL RESEARCH

TITLE

Consumer Spending and Purchasing Power of the Russian Population under Sanctions: Level, Structure, Crisis Manifestations

Aleftina A. Gulyugina

515-529

2.828 MB

Full text

INDEX

RAR (Research Article Report)

JEL H52
https://doi.org/10.52180/1999-9836_2024_20_4_3_515_529

AUTHORS

Aleftina A. Gulyugina

Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5413-5272

SPIN-code: 8187-0889

RCSI Author ID: 305797

ResearcherID: H-2175-2018

For citation

Gulyugina A.A. Consumer Spending and Purchasing Power of the Russian Population under Sanctions: Level, Structure, Crisis 
Manifestations. Uroven' zhizni naseleniya regionov Rossii=Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia. 2024;20(4):530–542. https://doi.org/10.52180/1999-9836_2024_20_4_4_530_542 (In Russ.)

Abstract

The article is devoted to the monetary conditions for the formation of consumer spending of the population and its purchasing power for spending in the period 2014-2023. The information base was formed by macroeconomic data of state statistics, customs statistics, monitoring studies in the field of income and living standards of the population, conducted at the Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The article highlights 4 areas of research - consumer spending as a component of the structure of monetary spending of the population; consumer spending in the context of retail turnover and import of consumer goods; average structural model of consumption; purchasing power of the population for consumption spending. In all areas of the study, a deterioration in the situation was revealed in the crisis years of 2015, 2020, 2022. It is shown that during these years the population developed a crisis strategy of saving on consumption. The volumes of retail turnover during the years of crisis fell against the background of a reduction in the flow of commodity imports, and losses from sales in the conditions of their deep decline were compensated by an accelerated growth in consumer prices, which had negative consequences for saving on consumption expenses. It is shown that in the commodity structure of imports the share of food products and agricultural raw materials (except textiles) decreased, and the share of textiles, textile products and footwear, on the contrary, increased. It was found that the average statistical structural model of consumption in the period under review did not undergo radical changes, but in crisis conditions it worsened due to changes in consumer behavior of the population, as evidenced by the growth in the share of food expenses. It was determined that the purchasing power of the population for consumer expenses, identifying the standard of living by consumption and measured using the consumer basket of the subsistence minimum, is differentiated by sectors of the consumer market (food and non-food products, services). It was the lowest in the food sector. In crisis conditions, the level of the indicator was subject to a decrease in all sectors of the consumer market.

Keywords

income, consumer spending, purchasing power, cost of living, retail turnover, import, crisis, consumption savings strategy, standard of living

Information about the author

Aleftina A. Gulyugina – PhD in Economics, Senior Research Worker of the Department of Socioeconomic Research of Living Standards and Quality of Live at the Centre of Development of Human Potential at the RAS Institute of Economics, Moscow, Russia

References

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ECONOMICAL RESEARCH

TITLE

Training of Qualified Personnel to Ensure Technological Sovereignty of the Russian Economy: Priority Measures

 Natal'ya G. Yakovleva, Anastasiya M. Shafranskaya

515-529

2.828 MB

Full text

INDEX

RAR (Research Article Report)

JEL H52
https://doi.org/10.52180/1999-9836_2024_20_4_3_515_529

AUTHORS

Natal'ya G. Yakovleva

Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

e-mail:  This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7839-8467

SPIN-code: 8081-9884

RSCI Author ID: 488861

Anastasiya M. Shafranskaya

Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

ORCID: https://orcid.org/00001-8548-5497

SPIN-code: 6787-5301

RSCI Author ID: 1167871

For citation

Yakovleva N.G., Shafranskaya A.M. Training of Qualified Personnel to Ensure Technological Sovereignty of the Russian Economy: 
Priority Measures.  Uroven' zhizni naseleniya regionov Rossii=Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia. 2024;20(4):515–529. 
https://doi.org/10.52180/1999-9836_2024_20_4_3_515_529 (In Russ.)

Abstract

In the current conditions, one of the important tasks is to develop a balanced system of training and retraining of qualified personnel that meets the tactical and strategic objectives of the Russian economy and, first of all, ensuring technological sovereignty. In order to reduce dependence on foreign technologies and components in the context of sanctions, our own production facilities are being launched in various industries, which poses new challenges for the education system. The systemic risks of the economy include the shortage of highly qualified specialists. In the strategic development documents adopted in recent years, special attention is paid to the state of personnel provision, but the solution to this problem is not systemic. The purpose of the study is to determine the priority measures of state policy in the field of training qualified personnel in order to ensure the technological sovereignty of the Russian economy. The objectives are: study of the personnel shortage in the Russian economy; analysis of state policy in the field of training qualified personnel; determination of the main directions for solving the problem of training qualified personnel to ensure technological sovereignty. Methodological basis of the study: method of analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction, systems approach, normative method, dialectical method. Information sources - scientific works of leading domestic scientists, regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, reports of the Government of the Russian Federation, ministries, departments, materials of scientific conferences, periodicals, statistical data, Internet resources. Main results of the study: based on the results of the analysis of changes in the labor market caused by an acute shortage of personnel, priority measures are proposed to overcome the shortage of qualified personnel in order to ensure the technological sovereignty of the Russian economy. It is noted that in order to solve tactical and strategic problems of ensuring technological sovereignty, it is necessary to create a strategic planning system, since the training of qualified personnel can only be carried out in parallel with the planning of the country's technological development.

Keywords

personnel training, higher education, qualified personnel, personnel shortage, state policy, technological sovereignty, Russian economy

AUTHORS BIOGRAFY

Natal'ya G. Yakovleva – Doctor of Economics, Associate Professor, Leading Researcher, Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Associate Professor, Leading Researcher, Lomonosov Moscow State University

Anastasiya M. Shafranskaya – Junior Research Fellow, Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences

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ECONOMICAL RESEARCH

TITLE

 Quality of Life as an Indicator of the Effectiveness of Advanced Development Areas

Ol'ga A. Romanova, Gyl'iya F. Galiullina

499-514

2.828 MB

Full text

INDEX

RAR (Research Article Report)

JEL R12
https://doi.org/10.52180/1999-9836_2024_20_4_2_499_514

AUTHORS

Ol'ga A. Romanova

Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russia

e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6463-4008

SPIN-code: 7848-9423

RSCI Author ID: 138737

ResearcherID: K-3318-2018

Gyl'iya F. Galiullina

Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russia

Kazan Federal University - Naberezhnye Chelny Institute, Naberezhnye Chelny, Russia

e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8470-1079

SPIN-code: 1156-6068

RCSI Author ID: 517986

ResearcherID: A-1762-2018

FOR CITATION

Romanova O.A., Galiullina G.F. Quality of Life as an Indicator of the Effectiveness of Advanced Development Areas. Uroven' zhizni naseleniya regionov Rossii=Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia. 2024;20(4):499–514. https://doi.org/10.52180/1999-9836_2024_20_4_2_499_514 (In Russ.)

Abstract

The advanced development area is an effective tool for regulating the country's economic development. However, the existing preferential regime for doing business does not take into account the growing importance of improving the standard and quality of life of the population of these territories. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the need to supplement the indicators characterizing the effectiveness of advanced development areas with quality of life indicators. The methodological tools of the study are based on the use of the basic provisions of the methodology of the Institute of Socio-Economic Problems of Population named after N.M. Rimashevskaya, according to which seven components of the standard and quality of life are determined. The study is based on the example of advanced development areas created in single-industry towns. Such territories have currently been created in 84 single-industry towns, where 1,430 residents are registered. 8.5 years have passed since the creation of the first advanced development area in a single-industry town, but to date no methodology has been developed for determining the effectiveness of their activities. The article tested the hypothesis that the quality of life is a significant indicator of the effectiveness of activities in the advanced development areas. The analysis of the main characteristics of the socio-economic development of single-industry towns that shape the quality of life of the population allowed us to form a "portrait of the advanced development area that is most attractive to residents", to establish the use by residents, using the example of the advanced development area «Naberezhnye Chelny», of existing labor-intensive technologies that are ineffective in the context of a shortage of labor resources and the country's focus on achieving technological sovereignty. The need to adjust regulatory legal acts in the field of advanced development areas is substantiated, in terms of requirements for business plans of potential residents with the inclusion of quality of life indicators differentiated in accordance with the type of economic activity of residents and the socio-economic characteristics of single-industry towns. It is proposed to use these indicators to assess the effectiveness of advanced development areas created in single-industry towns.

Keywords

priority development area, single-industry town, quality of life, quality of working life, labor productivity, average monthly wage, residents, efficiency

AUTHORS BIOGRAFY

Ol'ga A. Romanova – Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor, Chief Research Associate, Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of RAS

Gyl'iya F. Galiullina – PhD in Economics, Associate Professor, Senior Researcher, Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of RAS; Head of the Department of Economics of Enterprises and Organizations, Kazan Federal University – Naberezhnye Chelny Institute

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ARTICLE OF THE ISSUE

TITLE

Opportunities for Introducing Basic Income Elements in the Payment and Social Assistance in the Russian Federation

Igor’ N. Zakharov

482-498

2.828 MB

Full text

INDEX

RAR (Research Article Report)
JEL J14
https://doi.org/10.52180/1999-9836_2024_20_4_1_482_498

AUTHOR

Igor’ N. Zakharov

Branch of the Pension and Social Insurance Fund of the Russian Federation for the Republic of Mari El, Yoshkar-Ola, Russia

e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9978-388X

SPIN-code: 2608-8682

RSCI Author ID: 898492

FOR CITATION

Zakharov I.N. Opportunities for Introducing Basic Income Elements in the Payment and Social Assistance in the Russian Fed
eration.  Uroven' zhizni naseleniya regionov Rossii=Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia. 2024;20(4):482-498. 
https://doi.org/10.52180/1999-9836_2024_20_4_1_482_498 (In Russ.)

Abstract

The aim of the study was to identify the prerequisites for the implementation of basic income elements in the pension system of the Russian Federation in the medium term. Through an analysis of the scientific discourse on the feasibility of introducing unconditional basic support for the population both globally and in Russia, it has been established that the realization of such support remains an ambiguous solution to this day. The relevance of maintaining a balance between meeting the minimum needs of certain vulnerable categories of citizens through basic income and preventing the replacement of all sources of livelihood with such income has been emphasized. By analyzing the changes in the current material level of support for disabled citizens within the pensioning framework of a specific region, it was revealed that achieving the goals of the long-term development strategy of the country's pension system and raising the material living standards of pensioners to the level of ratified international standards within the existing insurance model is possible only through a breakthrough increase in social responsibility among the state, citizens, and insurers. Using mathematical forecasting methods, results of an actuarial forecast of demographic indicators for the pension system up to 2050 were obtained, confirming that maintaining financial balance in the pension system will be possible through increased interbudgetary transfers. Considering the digital transformation of society, individualization of labor, changes in the employment sector, and a decrease in social responsibility, the pension system will face serious challenges regarding the financial sustainability of state obligations for pension insurance in the medium term. The analysis of funding sources and the results of forecasting parameters of the pension system confirmed the hypothesis about the possibility of transforming certain components of pensions and social supplements into a guaranteed universal support system for the population based on the concept of basic income.

AUTHORS BIOGRAFY

Zakharov Igor Nikolaevich – PhD in Economics, Deputy Manager, Branch of the Pension and Social Insurance Fund of the Russian Federation for the Republic of Mari El, Yoshkar-Ola, Russian Federation

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