ECONOMIC RESEARCH

TITLE

On the Sustainability of the Standard of Living of Russian Households

Elena V. Odintsova

000

2.828 MB

Full text

RAR (Research Article Report)

JEL I31, P36, R21

https://doi.org/10.52180/1999-9836_2026_22_1_6_87_104

AUTHOR

Elena V. Odintsova

Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7906-8520

SPIN-code: 1866-4793

ResearcherID: U-7061-2019

FOR CITATION

Odintsova Е.V. On the sustainability of the standard of living of Russian households. Uroven' zhizni naseleniya regionov Rossii=Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia. 2026;22(1):87–104. https://doi.org/10.52180/1999-9836_2026_22_1_6_87_104 (In Russ.)

ABSTRACT

The purpose of the research presented in this publication is to develop and refine methodological and measurement approaches for studying the standard of living in the context of identifying its (un)sustainability. The empirical basis of the study draws on microdata from The Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey – Higher School of Economics (RLMS-HSE), as well as a sample survey of household budgets by Rosstat. A generalized characteristic of the standard of living is proposed from the point of view of assessing its (un)sustainability based on the “normative framework” – criteria-based social standards that specify requirements for purchasing power of per capita monetary income, quality of housing conditions, availability and volume of savings. The classification of households based on compliance with the criterion social standards of identification of a sustainable standard of living is carried out. It was revealed that 0.3% of Russian households with children have a sustainable standard of living, while 2.4% of households without children have a sustainable standard of living. In 65.2% of households with children and 48.5% of households without children, the standard of living is unsustainable, not reaching criterion social standards according to all three criteria applied. The remaining households (34.5% and 49.1%) are in intermediate groups, not meeting one or two criterion social standards. It is shown that a complex, multi-criteria measurement (compared with a single-criterion one) makes it possible to increase the accuracy of estimating the prevalence of unsustainable living standards among households: the proportion of households with unsustainable living standards decreases from 70.0%–96.7% (depending on the criterion) among households with children and 67.4%–87.9% among households without children, to 65.2% and 48.5%, respectively, with a multi-criteria assessment. The proposed approach to studying the standard of living from the perspective of assessing its (un)sustainability is considered from the perspective of other research areas (socio-economic inequality, precarization, social mobility).

KEYWORDS

standard of living; sustainability; unsustainability; criterion social standards; purchasing power; quality of housing conditions; savings; households

INFORMATION ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Elena V. Odintsova

PhD in Economics, Leading Research Worker of the Department of Socioeconomic Research of Living Standards and Quality of Life at the Centre of Development of Human Potential, Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

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ECONOMIC RESEARCH

TITLE

Assessment of the Status and Trends of Decent Work in the Republic of Uzbekistan

Dilshadbek N. Nurmatov

000

2.828 MB

Full text

RAR (Research Article Report)

JEL J08

https://doi.org/10.52180/1999-9836_2026_22_1_5_74_86

AUTHOR

Dilshadbek N. Nurmatov

Andijan State University named after Z.M. Babur, Andijan, Uzbekistan

E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1592-6120

SPIN-code: 5240-3685

ResearcherID: OLP-5682-2025

FOR CITATION

Nurmatov D.N. Assessment of the Status and Trends of Decent Work in the Republic of Uzbekistan. Uroven' Zhizni Naseleniya Regionov Rossii=Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia. 2026;22(1):74–86. https://doi.org/10.52180/1999-9836_2026_22_1_5_74_86 (In Russ.)

ABSTRACT

The article examines the current state and development trends of the decent work system in the Republic of Uzbekistan in the context of the digital transformation of the economy. The purpose of the study is to provide a scientifically grounded assessment of the state and trends of decent work in Uzbekistan based on international and national statistical data, identifying achievements, challenges, and directions for further development of labour relations. The methodological framework of the study is based on the principles of R. Anker’s methodology for measuring decent work indicators, the Decent Work Agenda proposed by J. Somavia, and subsequent International Labour Organization (ILO) normative instruments, including the Declaration on Social Justice for a Fair Globalization and the report of the Global Commission on the Future of Work. The empirical base of the research includes official data from UzStat for 2019–2024, the ILOSTAT database, national legal and regulatory acts, and analytical reports of the World Bank. The study conducts a comparative analysis of the dynamics of key decent work indicators, including employment and unemployment rates, women’s participation in the labour market, social protection coverage, and working conditions. The results of the study show that during 2019–2024 the Republic of Uzbekistan demonstrated progress in the institutionalization of labour rights, reflected in the expansion of formal employment, strengthening of regulatory and legal frameworks, and increased participation of workers in social protection systems. At the same time, persistent structural disparities remain, manifested in a high share of informal employment, limited social insurance coverage for the self-employed, and unequal access of different social groups to digital labour market services. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the author’s assessment of the state of decent work in Uzbekistan from the perspective of integrating national and international methodological approaches. The practical significance of the study consists in the possibility of applying the obtained results in the development of employment and social protection strategies within the framework of the National Development Strategy until 2030.

KEYWORDS

decent work, employment, social protection, digitalization, labor market, gender equality, ILO indicators, sustainable development

INFORMATION ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Dilshadbek N. Nurmatov

PhD in Economics, Professor, Andijan State University named after Z.M. Babur.

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2. Hughes D., Warhurst C., Duarte M.E. Decent Work, Inclusion and Sustainability: a New Era Lies Ahead. British Journal of Guidance and Counselling. 2021;49(2):145–152. https://doi.org/10.1080/03069885.2021.1898540

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ECONOMIC RESEARCH

TITLE

The Role of the State in Healthcare: A Comparative Study of Social Attitudes of Russians and Residents of Other Countries

Olga A. Kislitsyna

000

2.828 MB

Full text

RAR (Research Article Report)

JEL I18; I38; H51; C25

https://doi.org/10.52180/1999-9836_2026_22_1_4_60_73

AUTHOR

Olga A. Kislitsyna

Institute of Economics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4144-237X

SPIN-code: 7120-4122

ResearcherID: E-3767-2012

Scopus Author ID: 8852460000

FOR CITATION

Kislitsyna O.A. The Role of the State in Healthcare: A Comparative Study of Social Attitudes of Russians and Residents of Other Countries. Uroven' Zhizni Naseleniya Regionov Rossii=Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia. 2026;22(1):60-73. https://doi.org/10.52180/1999-9836_2026_22_1_4_60_73 (In Russ.)

ABSTRACT

Against the backdrop of population aging and rising healthcare costs, the question of who should finance healthcare – the government or citizens themselves – is becoming increasingly relevant. Despite extensive research on social policy, healthcare as one of its domains remains relatively underexplored. The aim of the study is to investigate: 1) How do citizens in different countries perceive the government’s role in providing and financing healthcare? 2) Which factors are associated with particular attitudes toward the state’s role in healthcare? A new typology of countries based on the characteristics of health systems is used. An analysis of data from the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) collected in 2016 reveals overwhelming support for the government’s role in healthcare across all examined countries. Higher levels of support are observed, on the one hand, in Scandinavian countries with universal coverage and public financing, as well as in countries with limited healthcare services and lower system efficiency. Conversely, the lowest levels of support are found in countries where healthcare is predominantly financed through private sources. To identify significant socio-demographic and political-ideological factors influencing attitudes toward the state’s role in healthcare, ordinal logistic regression methods were applied. The analysis demonstrates that self-interest motives have a notable impact on attitudes toward the state’s involvement in healthcare: in many countries, individuals with higher social position are more likely to oppose the expansion of public healthcare spending. Across all examined countries, moral commitment to the public good – adherence to egalitarian values – appears to be a stronger determinant of support for the government’s role in healthcare than individual self-interest.

KEYWORDS

health care, public opinion, public finance, public services, government accountability, comparative research, International Social Survey Programme (ISSP)

INFORMATION ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Olga A. Kislitsyna

Doctor of Economics, Chief Researcher, Center for Economic Theory of the Social Sector, Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

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ECONOMIC RESEARCH

TITLE

Losses of Public Health Due to Premature Mortality of the Population: Assessment of the Structure and Economic Consequences

Aleksandra A. Shabunova, Aleksandra V. Korolenko

000

2.828 MB

Full text

RAR (Research Article Report)

JEL J17

https://doi.org/10.52180/1999-9836_2026_22_1_3_39_59

AUTHORS

Aleksandra A. Shabunova

Vologda Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vologda, Russia

E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3467-0921

SPIN-code: 7600-0822

ResearcherID: E-5968-2012

Scopus Author ID: 14833412100

Aleksandra V. Korolenko

Vologda Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vologda, Russia

E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7699-0181

SPIN-code: 5079-5628

ResearcherID: I-8201-2016

Scopus Author ID: 57201487911

FOR CITATION

Shabunova A.A., Korolenko A.V. Losses of Public Health Due to Premature Mortality of the Population: Assessment of the Structure and Economic Consequences. Uroven' Zhizni Naseleniya Regionov Rossii=Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia. 2026;22(1):39–59. https://doi.org/10.52180/1999-9836_2026_22_1_3_39_59 (In Russ.)

ABSTRACT

The issue of premature mortality among the population and its demographic and economic implications remains a significant concern in Russia. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), premature deaths from noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) account for 39% of all NCD deaths in Russia, higher than in high-income countries (27%), and the ratio of years of life lost in the country is comparable to that of low-income countries and exceeds the global average (49%) and high-income countries (85%). The aim of this paper is to assess the impact of premature mortality on public health in the period before, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic and its economic consequences, focusing on the most common diseases, gender, and age groups at the national and regional (in Vologda Oblast) level. The study employs methods for calculating years of life lost (YLL) and related indicators, as well as assessing economic losses. The information base for this study was provided by WHO data for 2000–2021 and Federal State Statistics Service data for 2019–2022. It has been found that the main causes of demographic and economic losses in Russia include ill-defined causes of death, non-alcoholic fibrosis and cirrhosis of the liver, and HIV infection. These losses occur mainly among the population under the age of 45, with most cases occurring among people aged 30 to 44. The damage caused by premature mortality is significantly higher among men than women, particularly due to unidentified causes, HIV, atherosclerotic heart disease, cerebral infarction, and intracerebral and other intracranial hemorrhages, fibrosis and cirrhosis of the liver. The Vologda Oblast differs from the all-Russian situation by the presence of sudden death and pneumonia among the leading causes of losses, but the absence of HIV among them, as well as a higher level of losses from acute myocardial infarction, cerebral infarction, atherosclerotic heart disease, malignant neoplasms of the trachea, bronchus and lung. The article outlines the directions for reducing losses due to premature mortality among the population and improving the diagnosis of its causes.

KEYWORDS

public health, premature mortality, demographic losses, YLL, economic losses, foregone economic benefits

INFORMATION ABOUT THE AUTHORS

Aleksandra A. Shabunova

Doctor of Economics, Associate Professor, Director, Vologda Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Aleksandra V. Korolenko

Senior Researcher, Vologda Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

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