Uncategorised

SECTION:

DISCUSSION FORUM 

TITLE

The Quality and Standard of Living of the Population in Modern Russia: Realities, Trends, and Solutions

Vyacheslav N. Bobkov

Размер файла 2.828 MB Размер файла Full text

RAR (Research Article Report)

JEL E2, I3, J01

https://doi.org/10.52180/1999-9836_2026_22_2_10_319_329

AUTHOR

Vyacheslav N. Bobkov

Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7364-5297

SPIN-code: 5639-0410

ResearcherID: U-6527-2019

Scopus Author ID: 55960509800

FOR CITATION

Bobkov V.N. The Quality and Standard of Living of the Population in Modern Russia: Realities, Trends, and Solutions. Uroven' Zhizni Naseleniya Regionov Rossii=Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia. 2026;22(2):319–329. https://doi.org/10.52180/1999-9836_2026_22_2_10_319_329 (In Russ.)

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study is to refine and develop the author's theoretical and methodological framework for studying quality of life and standard of living and to identify the most pressing issues in this area that require further research and practical solutions, based on those discussed at the scientific seminar «Quality and Standard of Living in Modern Russia: Realities, Trends, Solutions», held in 2026 at the St. Petersburg Economic Congress (SPEK-2026). The theoretical and methodological basis of the study is based on research conducted by a team of researchers led by the author of this publication at the All-Russian Center for Standard of Living, Institute of Socio-Economic Studies of Population of the Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences and currently underway at the Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The author used reports presented at the SPEK-2026 scientific seminar, as well as publications referenced by the speakers, as well as the author of this publication, as the initial data (information base) for the study. The main results of the study are the clarified and developed parameters of the author’s framework for studying the content and interrelations of the categories of quality of life and standard of life, and their place in the system of reproduction of life activity, the principal findings of the study include a re-emphasis on the prioritization of production relations alongside the broader system of social relations and forms of social consciousness. The study also identifies the most acute problems affecting the quality and standard of living in contemporary Russia: the predominance of narrowed and simple reproduction of living standards; high economic inequality in the distribution of living standards among broad social groups and its unfavorable configuration, reflected in the significant concentration of resources within upper social strata; problems in the social sphere caused by worldview limitations and the underestimation of the role of culture, the humanities, socio-economic science, and education; the persistence and concentration of demographic and family-related problems. Further research will focus on a broader generalization of the theoretical, methodological, and practical issues related to the study of quality and standard of living as reflected in leading Russian and international academic journals.

KEYWORDS

quality of life, standard of living, quality of society, quality of working life, quality of social institutions, life safety, quality of interaction with the environment, satisfaction with quality of life

INFORMATION ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Vyacheslav N. Bobkov

Doctor of Economics, Professor, Honoured Science Worker of the Russian Federation, Chief Research Worker, Head of the Department of Socioeconomic Research of Living Standards and Quality of Life at the Centre of Development of Human Potential, Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

REFERENCES

  1. Odintsova Е.V., Sherstobitova Ya.A. Quality and Standard of Living of the Population in Modern Russia: Realities, Trends, and Solutions (Review of the All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference with International Participation). Uroven' zhizni naseleniya regionov Rossii=Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia. 2025;21(4):648–660. https://doi.org/10.52180/1999-9836_2025_21_4_11_648_660 (In Russ.)
  2. Sherstobitova Yu.A. Quality and Standard of Living as Factors and Outcomes of the Sustainable Development of the Russian Federation. Uroven' Zhizni Naseleniya Regionov Rossii=Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia. 2026;22(2):336–349. https://doi.org/10.52180/1999-9836_2026_22_2_12_336_349 (In Russ.)
  3. Bobkov V.N., Kolmakov I.B. Identifying the Social Structure and the Inequality of Monetary Incomes of the Population of the Russian Federation. Ekonomika regiona=Economy of Region. 2017;13(4):971-984. https://doi.org/10.17059/2017-4-1 (In Russ.)
  4. Bobkov V.N., Odintsova E.V., Kolmakov I.B. Normative-Statistical and Relative Median Approaches to the Study of Population Differentiation by Standard of Living. Vestnik Instituta Ekonomiki Rossiyskoy Akademii Nauk=The Bulletin of the Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2025;(3):84-105. https://doi.org/10.52180/2073-6487_2025_3_84_105 (In Russ.)
  5. Bobkov V.N., Kolmakov I.B., Odintsova E.V. Social Structure of Russian Society in Terms of Housing Security: Criterion and Quantitative Identification, the Guidelines for State Policy. Uroven' zhizni naseleniya regionov Rossii=Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia. 2018;(2(208)):8–23. https://doi.org/10.19181/1999-9836-2018-10011 (In Russ.)
  6. Bobkov V.N., Gulugina A.A. 25 Years of Monitoring Income and Living Standards of the Russian Population. Uroven' zhizni naseleniya regionov Rossii=Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia. 2020;16(3):9-23. https://doi.org/10.19181/lsprr.2020.16.3.1 (In Russ.)
  7. Bobkov V.N., Gulyugina A.A. (ex. eds.), Odintsova E.V., et al. Monitoring Dokhodov i Urovnya Zhizni Naseleniya Rossii – 2017 god. Moscow: ISESP RAS; 2018. 87 p. ISBN 978-5-4465-1857-9 (In Russ.)
  8. Bobkov V.N., Gulyugina A.A. (ex. eds.), Odintsova E.V., et al. Monitoring Dokhodov i Urovnya Zhizni Naseleniya Rossii – 2023 god. Yearbook. Issue 2(203). Moscow: IE RAS; 2024. 182 p. ISBN 978-5-9940-0734-1 (In Russ.)
  9. Bobkov V.N., Gulyugina A.A. (ex. eds.), Odintsova E.V., et al. Monitoring Dokhodov i Urovnya Zhizni Naseleniya Rossii – 2024 god. Yearbook. Issue 3(204). Moscow: IE RAS; 2025. 170 p. ISBN 978-5-9940-0792-1 (In Russ.)
  10. Stepanov V.S., Bobkov V.N., Shamaeva E.F., Odintsova E.V. Building a Model Linking the Indicator of the Standard of Living of the Population with a Set of Indicators of Socio-Economic Policy in the Regions of Russia. Uroven' zhizni naseleniya regionov Rossii=Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia. 2022;18(4):450–465. https://doi.org/10.19181/lsprr.2022.18.4.3 (In Russ.)
  11. Bobkov V.N., Bobkova T.E. (ed.), Loktyukhina N.V., Shamaeva E.F., et al. The Standard of Living and Quality of Life in Russia: From Reality to Designing the Future. Monograph. FCTAS RAS. Moscow: FCTAS RAS; 2022. 274 p. ISBN 978-5-89697-388-1 (In Russ.)
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  15. Bobkov V.N., Odintsova E.V. On the Conditions of Capitalizing the Employee’s Labor Potential. Obshchestvo i ehkonomika=Society and Economy. 2025;(6):5-18. https://doi.org/10.31857/S0207367625060013 (In Russ.)
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  21. Bobkov V.N., Gulyugina A.A., Odintsova E.V., et al. Purchasing Power of Employees as an Indicator of the Standard of living and Economic (In)Stability of Their Households. Mir novoi ehkonomiki=The World of New Economy. 2025;19(4):88-100. https://doi.org/10.26794/2220-6469-2025-19-4-88-100 (In Russ.)
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Uncategorised

SECTION:

DEMOGRAPHIC RESEARCH

TITLE

Quality of Life of the Population and Fertility as Factors of Spatial Development in the Tambov Region

Elena Yu. Merkulova

Размер файла 2.828 MB Размер файла Full text

RAR (Research Article Report)

JEL J13, R23

https://doi.org/10.52180/1999-9836_2026_22_2_9_302_318

AUTHOR

Elena Yu. Merkulova

Tambov State University named after G.R. Derzhavin, Tambov, Russia

E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1044-0053

SPIN-code: 8509-2211

ResearcherID: AAP-3278-2021

Scopus Author ID: 57195720953

FOR CITATION

Merkulova E.Yu. Quality of Life of the Population and Fertility as Factors of Spatial Development in the Tambov Region. Uroven' Zhizni Naseleniya Regionov Rossii=Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia. 2026;22(2):302–318. https://doi.org/10.52180/1999-9836_2026_22_2_9_302_318 (In Russ.)

ABSTRACT

The aim of the study is to identify the determinants of fertility, taking into account assessments of the quality of life of the population, and to develop a typology of municipalities for a differentiated demographic policy. The theoretical framework is based on a synthesis of the concepts of demographic transition, the economic theory of fertility, and spatial demography. The methodology includes factor analysis (principal component method), hierarchical cluster analysis (Ward’s method), spatial analysis (Moran’s index), and multiple regression controlling for age structure. The empirical base consists of official statistical data on 30 municipal districts of the Tambov region and the results of the author’s sociological survey (n = 2,657, October 2024, CAWI method). Age stratification of the sample made it possible to identify three cognitive groups: «migrant optimists» (under 30 years, 39.4%), «stabilizers» (30–45 years, 26.1%), and «localists» (over 45 years, 34.5%). Factor analysis identified three latent dimensions of quality of life: assessment of the place of residence and its development prospects (39.6% of variance), infrastructure and living environment (27.8%), and satisfaction with medical services (10.0%). The regression model (R² = 0.789; F(3,26) = 32.31; p < 0.001) showed the dominant influence of the share of the population below working age (β = 0.558; p < 0.001) and the crude marriage rate (β = 0.557; p < 0.001). A paradoxical effect of housing conditions was revealed: an increase in housing space per capita is associated with a decline in fertility (β = −0.218; p = 0.028), interpreted as an indicator of depopulation. Subjective factors exert an indirect influence through migration intentions and marital behavior. Cluster analysis identified four types of territories: demographically stable, aging with development potential, territories of contrasts, and demographically depressed. Spatial analysis revealed local effects: a «hot spot» around the regional center and «cold spots» on the periphery. The practical significance lies in substantiating the transition from a universal to a differentiated demographic policy that takes into account the typology of territories and age-specific differences in assessments of the quality of life of the population. The developed toolkit can be adapted for studying other regions.

KEYWORDS

quality of life of the population, fertility, spatial development, municipal districts, factor analysis, cluster analysis, regression modeling, territorial typology, demographic policy, Tambov region

INFORMATION ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Elena Yu. Merkulova

Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor, Director of the Center for Spatial Development of Territories and Quality of Life of the Population, Derzhavin Tambov State University.

REFERENCES

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  3. Sivoplyasova S.Yu., Sigareva E.P., Arkhangelskiy V.N. Standard of Living and Fertility: the Relationship of Two Inequalities at the Macro and Micro levels. Ekonomika. Nalogi. Pravo=Economy. Taxes. Law. 2022;15(3):38–51. https://doi.org/10.26794/1999-849X-2022-15-3-38-51 (In Russ.)
  4. Van Wijk D., Billari F.C. Fertility Postponement, Economic Uncertainty, And The Increasing Income Prerequisites Of Parenthood. Population and Development Review. 2024;50(2):287–322. https://doi.org/10.1111/padr.12624
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  10. Rybakovskiy L.L. The Migration Component and Its Contribution to the Demographic Development of Modern Russia. Uroven zhizni naseleniya regionov Rossii=Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia. 2023;19(3):327-337. https://doi.org/10.52180/1999-9836_2023_19_3_2_327_337 (In Russ.)
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Uncategorised

SECTION:

DEMOGRAPHIC RESEARCH

TITLE

The Right to Death and the Quality of Life of the Elderly: Philosophical and Psychological Aspects of Euthanasia and Suicidal Behavior in the Context of Aging

Vitaly G. Pichugin

Размер файла 2.828 MB Размер файла Full text

RAR (Research Article Report)

JEL I38

https://doi.org/10.52180/1999-9836_2026_22_2_8_292_301

AUTHOR

Vitaly G. Pichugin

Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9622-8533

SPIN-code: 1705-3559

ResearcherID: I-4615-2018

FOR CITATION

Pichugin V.G. The Right to Death and the Quality of Life of the Elderly: Philosophical and Psychological Aspects of Euthanasia and Suicidal Behavior in the Context of Aging. Uroven' Zhizni Naseleniya Regionov Rossii=Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia. 2026;22(2):292–301. https://doi.org/10.52180/1999-9836_2026_22_2_8_292_301 (In Russ.)

ABSTRACT

This article presents an interdisciplinary analysis of the philosophical-psychological and demographic aspects of voluntary death (euthanasia and suicidal behavior) in the context of population aging. The aim of the work is to identify the determinants of attitudes towards the «right to die» among older age groups, its relationship with the quality of life, and its impact on demographic processes. The theoretical framework of the study is based on existential philosophy, gerontological concepts, and the principles of bioethics. The research employs a comparative analysis of legislative approaches, a systematic review of scholarly literature, and a secondary analysis of statistical data (Rosstat, VCIOM, and international registries). The study confirms a qualitative difference in suicidal tendencies in old age, where the key predictor perceived burdensomeness, rather than objective isolation. An analysis of the experience of countries that have legalized euthanasia (the Netherlands, Canada, Switzerland) reveals systemic risks of «structural coercion» and the commercialization of death. The article argues that the Russian legal model of the «presumption of life», based on the constitutional prohibition of euthanasia and the development of palliative care, is an effective alternative to Western approaches. It is concluded that improving the system of long-term care and gerontopsychological support directly contributes to the preservation of human capital, the reduction of mortality, and the strengthening of Russia's demographic resilience.

KEYWORDS

demographics, euthanasia, suicidal behavior, old age, the right to die, aging, quality of life

INFORMATION ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Vitaly G. Pichugin

Doctor of Philosophy, PhD in Psychology, Associate Professor, Department of Psychology and Human Capital Development, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation.

REFERENCES

  1. Bezverbnyi V.A. Disproportions of Demographic Development of Russia at the Regional Level: Current Trends. Uroven' zhizni naseleniya regionov Rossii=Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia. 2025;21(2):197–211. https://doi.org/10.52180/1999-9836_2025_21_2_2_197_211 (In Russ.)
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Uncategorised

SECTION:

Economics of Longevity and Socio-Economic Consequences of Ageing in the Age of Artificial Intelligence: the Concept of Multiple Age Paradigms

TITLE

Economics of Longevity and Socio-Economic Consequences of Ageing in the Age of Artificial Intelligence: the Concept of Multiple Age Paradigms

Igor V. Kostikov

Размер файла 2.828 MB Размер файла Full text

REV (Review Article)

JEL J11, J14, H55, O33, I18

https://doi.org/10.52180/1999-9836_2026_22_2_7_283_291

AUTHOR

Igor V. Kostikov

National Institute of Financial Markets and Governance, Moscow, Russia

E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

SPIN-code: 1068-0484

FOR CITATION

Kostikov I.V. Economics of Longevity and Socio-Economic Consequences of Ageing in the Age of Artificial Intelligence: the Concept of Multiple Age Paradigms. Uroven' Zhizni Naseleniya Regionov Rossii=Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia. 2026;22(2):283–291. https://doi.org/10.52180/1999-9836_2026_22_2_7_283_291 (In Russ.)

ABSTRACT

The aim of the study is to develop a theoretical concept of multiple age paradigms and to assess its impact on labour markets, economic growth and fiscal sustainability in the context of global population ageing and the potential diffusion of biological age reversal technologies. Methodology — a theoretical-conceptual and review study with elements of scenario analysis; literature was selected from Scopus, Web of Science, RSCI databases for the period 2010–2025 on key topics (population ageing, economics of longevity, rejuvenation technologies, AI and labour markets). Results — the study introduces the concept of coexisting ageing trajectories — traditional ageing, compression of morbidity, and biological age reversal — which differ depending on access to medical technologies. It is argued that limited access may intensify socio-economic inequality and lead to «age stratification», whereas universal access, combined with institutional adaptation, could stabilise dependency ratios. Scientific novelty lies in introducing the concept of multiple age paradigms, analysing the interaction between rejuvenation technologies and AI as interrelated factors, and in scenario-based assessment of fiscal and distributional effects, which remains underdeveloped in the existing literature.

KEYWORDS

demographic ageing, biological age, rejuvenation technologies, pension systems, artificial intelligence, multiple age paradigms, fiscal sustainability, inequality

INFORMATION ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Igor V. Kostikov

Doctor of Economics, Professor, President, National Institute of Financial Markets and Governance.

REFERENCES

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Uncategorised

SECTION:

SOCIOLOGICAL RESEARCH

TITLE

Youth Values and Their Role in Economic Behavior (Based on the Republic of Bashkortostan)

Gulshat R. Fatkullina

Размер файла 2.828 MB Размер файла Full text

RAR (Research Article Report)

JEL I31, J16, Z13

https://doi.org/10.52180/1999-9836_2026_22_2_6_269_282

AUTHOR

Gulshat R. Fatkullina

Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia

E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6358-0853

SPIN-code: 4445-4200

ResearcherID: PKG-8315-2026

FOR CITATION

Fatkullina G.R. Youth Values and Their Role in Economic Behavior (Based on the Republic of Bashkortostan). Uroven' Zhizni Naseleniya Regionov Rossii=Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia. 2026;22(2):269–282. https://doi.org/10.52180/1999-9836_2026_22_2_6_269_282 (In Russ.)

ABSTRACT

This article presents the findings of sociological surveys conducted between 2021 and 2024 among youth aged 14–35 in the Republic of Bashkortostan. The study aims to identify and analyze how young people’s dominant value orientations shape their economic behavior in the context of contemporary socio-economic change. The methodological framework is a comprehensive approach that includes the analysis of statistical data (Rosstat, Bashkortostanstat), a representative youth survey (total sample N = 12,559 respondents: 5,080 in 2021 and 7,479 in 2024), and the application of multivariate statistical analysis methods. The empirical data cover the period from 2021 to 2024, making it possible to trace the dynamics of change against the backdrop of structural economic transformation. The findings indicate a growing economic polarization among youth, reflected in the simultaneous increase in both prosperous and vulnerable groups. Based on an adapted theoretical model of value orientation formation, a typology is proposed, comprising «adaptive», «socializing», and «individualizing» types. It is established that dominant value orientations determine the choice of economic behavior strategies: an orientation toward stability promotes the selection of guaranteed income sources, while a drive for self-realization correlates with entrepreneurial activity and income diversification. A positive link is identified between patriotic values and responsible consumption practices, alongside significant differences in economic behavior depending on age cohort and gender. The results underscore the need for a differentiated approach in youth policy and the development of targeted socio-economic support measures that account for regional specificities.

KEYWORDS

economic socialization, value orientations, youth, economic behavior, consumer behavior, labor behavior, financial behavior, regional studies, Republic of Bashkortostan

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This study was conducted as part of the State Assignment of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, project No. 075-00576-26-00 for 2026 and the planning period of 2027 and 2028.

INFORMATION ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Gulshat R. Fatkullina

Researcher, Institute for Socio-Economic Research of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

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