DEMOGRAPHIC RESEARCH

TITLE

Disproportions of Demographic Development of Russia at the Regional Level: Current Trends

Vadim A. Bezverbnyi

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INDEX

RAR (Research Article Report)

JEL J11

https://doi.org/10.52180/1999-9836_2025_21_2_2_197_211

AUTHOR

Vadim A. Bezverbnyi

Institute for Demographic Research - Branch of the Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

OCRID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3148-7072

SPIN-code: 5758-6360

RSCI AuthorID: 539479

ResearcherID: O-1050-2016

Scopus Author ID: 57210845020

FOR CITATION

Bezverbnyi V.A. Disproportions of Demographic Development of Russia at the Regional Level: Current Trends. Uroven' Zhizni Naseleniya Regionov Rossii=Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia. 2025;21(2):197–211. https://doi.org/10.52180/1999-9836_2025_21_2_2_197_211 (In Russ.)

Abstract

The article is devoted to the study of spatial polarisation of demographic development of Russian regions in the period from 1994 to 2024. Based on the analysis of statistical data, including the results of All-Russian population censuses and current records of Rosstat, the key trends determining the differences in the demographic situation at the regional level are identified. The main attention is paid to population dynamics, migration processes, fertility and life expectancy indicators. The results of the study indicate a significant spatial differentiation of demographic processes. Large agglomerations, such as Moscow and St. Petersburg, demonstrate steady population growth due to migration inflow, while the regions of the Far East, Siberia and the North face steady depopulation caused by migration outflow and natural population decline. The analysis of the total fertility rate (TFR) showed that only two regions (the Chechen Republic and the Republic of Tyva) corresponded to the expanded type of population reproduction in 2024, while most regions of the central and western parts of the country are characterised by extremely low birth rates. Special attention is paid to life expectancy, which also demonstrates significant regional differentiation. The lowest values are recorded in the northern and eastern regions. The highest values are observed in the southern regions and large cities. Based on the analysis of natural and migration growth rates, four groups of regions were identified. In conclusion, the authors propose recommendations for demographic policy aimed at reducing spatial disproportions and ensuring sustainable demographic growth.

Keywords

demographic development, spatial polarization, regional differentiation, migration processes, natural population movement, fertility and mortality, life expectancy, depopulation, demographic policy

AUTHOR'S BIOGRAFY

Vadim A. Bezverbnyi

PhD in Economics, Head of the Department of Geo-Urban Studies and Spatial Demography, Leading Researcher, Institute for Demographic Research - Branch of the Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences

References

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2. Ekimova N.A., Gaganov A.E. Demographic Trends in Russian Regions: in Search of Growth Sources. Obrazovanie. Pravo=Business. Education. Law. 2023;(3(64)):60–65. https://doi.org/10.25683/VOLBI.2023.64.707
3. Kondratyeva V.I., Tarasova-Sivtseva O.M. The Effect of Demographic Factors on the Workforce in Northern Resource-Based Regions. Sever i rynok: formirovanie ekonomicheskogo poryadka=The North and the Market: Forming the Economic Order. 2023;26(2(80)):146–159. https://doi.org/10.37614/2220-802X.2.2023.80.010 (In Russ.)
4. Tkachenko A.A.  Actual problems of development of Russian regions: economics and demographics. Nalogi. Pravo=Economics, Taxes and Law. 2024;17(3):115–124. https://doi.org/10.26794/1999-849X-2024-17-3-115-124 (In Russ.)
5. Cherkasov A.A., Sopnev N.V., Panin A.N. GIS-Monitoring of Modern Transformation of the Demographic Structure of Regions and Large Cities of the South of the European part of Russia. InterGIS=Maps and GIS in Population and Public Health Research 2021;27(4):347–360. https://doi.org/10.35595/2414-9179-2021-4-27-347-360 (In Russ.)
6. Shchukina A.S. Geographical Analysis of Modern Demographic Processes. Tverskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serya geografiya i geoekologiya=Herald of Tver State University. Series: Geography and Geoecology. 2015;(2):44–56. (In Russ.)
7. Kabashova E.V. Standard of Living of the Population and Demographic Development of the Region. Vestnik evraziyskoy nauki=The Eurasian Scientific Journal. 2021;13(6). https://doi.org/10.15862/12ECVN621 (In Russ.)
8. Abramova O.S. Research in Demographic Trends – the Regional Aspect. Ekonomicheskaya nauka sovremennoy Rossii=Economics of Contemporary Russia. 2023;(4(103)):39–51. https://doi.org/10.33293/1609-1442-2023-3(102)-39-51 (In Russ.)
9. Motrich E.L. Far East in Russian Demography: Trends during Reform. Prostranstvennaya ekonomika=Spatial Economics. 2017;(3):133–153. https://doi.org/10.14530/se.2017.3.133-153 (In Russ.)
10. Avdeev A.Yu., Ushakova V.L. Demographic Challenges or Why the Demographic Policy of the Far East does not Lead to the Desired Result. Uroven' zhizni naseleniya regionov Rossii=Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia. 2023;19(1):9–24. https://doi.org/10.52180/1999-9836 (In Russ.)
11. Heleniak T. Out-migration and Depopulation of the Russian North during the 1990s. Post-Soviet Geography and Economics. 1999;40(3):155–205. https://doi.org/10.1080/10889388.1999.10641111
12. Frejka T., Gietel-Basten S. Fertility and Family Policies in Central and Eastern Europe after 1990. Comparative Population Studies. 2016;41(1):3–56. https://doi.org/10.12765/CPoS-2016-03
13. Kibele E.U., Klüsener S., Scholz R.D. Regional Mortality Disparities in Germany: Long-Term Dynamics and Possible Determinants. Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie. 2015;73(1):79–109. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11577-015-0329-2
14. Marquart E., Bezverbny V.A., Sitkovsky A.M. Prostranstvennoe szhatie territoriy Rossiyskoy Federatsii: ponyatie, kriterii, sistema pokazateley. In: Goroda Budushchego: Prostranstvennoe Razvitie, Souchastvuyushchee Upravlenie i Tvorcheskie Industrii. Moscow: Delo Publishing House RANEPA; 2021. P. 63–93. (In Russ.)
15. Fomin M.V., Bezverbny V.A., Seleznev I.A. Spatial Development of Primorsky Territory and the Sakhalin Region: Opinion of Residents. Problemy Dal'nego Vostoka=Far Eastern Affairs. 2020;(4):133–152. https://doi.org/10.31857/S013128120011588-7 (In Russ.)

ARTICLE OF THE ISSUE

TITLE

Precariousness of Living Conditions of the Population: Measurement Approaches and Quantitative Estimates

Elena V. Odintsova

000

2.828 MB

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INDEX

RAR (Research Article Report)

JEL I31, R21

https://doi.org/10.52180/1999-9836_2025_21_2_1_184_196

AUTHOR

Elena V. Odintsova

Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

OCRID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7906-8520

SPIN-code: 1866-4793

RSCI AuthorID: 999153

ReseacherID: : U-7061-2019

FOR CITATION

Odintsova Е.V. Precariousness of Living Conditions of the Population: Measurement Approaches and Quantitative Estimates. Uroven' Zhizni Naseleniya Regionov Rossii=Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia. 2025;21(2):184-196. https://doi.org/10.52180/1999-9836_2025_21_2_1_184_196 (in Russ.)

Abstract

The work is devoted to the problems of the living conditions of the population, which were considered in the framework of the study in order to identify their precariousness. The information basis of the study was made up of microdata from a Comprehensive monitoring of the living conditions of the population conducted by Rosstat in 2022. To identify the precariousness of the living conditions of the population, the following measurements are proposed: the quality of housing conditions; the quality and accessibility of housing and communal services; the reliability of housing; the quality of living conditions in the place of residence (in the dwelling) and in the locality. Estimates of the precariousness of the living conditions of the population according to its individual characteristics, as well as taking into account their concentration, have been obtained. It is shown that 10.9% of the population have no signs indicating precariousness of living conditions, 26.0% of the population have one sign, 22.0% of the population have two signs, and 41.1% of the population have three or more signs. Quantitative estimates of the population distribution have been obtained depending on the combination and concentration of characteristics associated with living in a dwelling and in a locality. It was found that 9.3% of the population is characterized by the presence of one or two signs associated with living in a locality. 21.2% of the population is distinguished by precariousness of living conditions, which is a consequence of one of the manifestations associated with living in a dwelling, 9.9% – two such manifestations. In about a quarter of the population, living conditions are precarious due to the concentrated (three or more) manifestations of signs associated with living in a dwelling and/or in a locality. Another quarter of the population has a less concentrated (one or two) manifestation of signs of precarious living conditions.

Keywords

living conditions, quality of living conditions, precariousness of living conditions, housing, quality of housing conditions, reliability of housing, quality of services, accessibility of services, population

AUTHOR'S BIOGRAFY

Elena V. Odintsova

PhD in Economics, Leading Researcher, Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences

References

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2. Nozdrina N.N., Schneiderman I.M. Quality of Life and Housing Conditions of the Population in the Largest Agglomerations and Million-plus Cities of Russia. Narodonaselenie=Population. 2022;25(1):4-17. https://doi.org/10.19181/population.2022.25.1.1 (in Russ.)
3. Schneiderman I.M., Pilipenko I.V. Upgrading Water Supply and Wastewater Collection Systems in Rural Areas as a Way to Improve Quality of Life of the Population of Russia. Narodonaselenie=Population. 2023;26(1):147-159. https://doi.org/10.19181/population.2023.26.1.12 (in Russ.).
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8. Bobek A., Pembroke S., Wickham J. Living in precarious housing: non-standard employment and housing careers of young professionals in Ireland. Housing Studies. 2021;36(9):1364-1387. https://doi.org/1080/02673037.2020.1769037
9. Chen H.Y., McFarlane C. Density and precarious housing: overcrowding, sensorial urbanism, and intervention in Hong Kong. Housing Studies.2023;40(1):27–45. https://doi.org/10.1080/02673037.2023.2280033
10. Clair A., Reeves A., McKee M., et al. Constructing a Housing Precariousness Measure for Europe. Journal of European Social Policy.  2019;29(1):13–28. https://doi.org/10.1177/0958928718768334
11. Debrunner G., Hofer K., Wicki M., et al. Housing Precarity in Six European and North American Cities: Threatened by the Loss of a Safe, Stable, and Affordable Home. Journal of the American Planning Association. 2024;90(4):610–626. https://doi.org/10.1080/01944363.2023.2291148
12. Waldron R. Responding to Housing Precarity: the Coping Strategies of Generation Rent. Housing Studies. 2022;39(1):124–145. https://doi.org/10.1080/02673037.2021.2022606
13. Bobkov V.N. (chief s ed.) Neustojchivaja Zanjatost' v Rossijskoj Federacii: Teorija i Metodologija Vyjavlenija, Ocenivanie i Vektor Sokrashhenija. 2nd ed., stereotyp. Moscow: KNORUS; 2019. 342 p. (In Russ.)
14. Padrosa E., Bolíbar M., Julià M., et al.Comparing Precarious Employment Across Countries: Measurement Invariance of the Employment Precariousness Scale for Europe (EPRES-E). Social Indicators Research. 2021;(154):893–915. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-020-02539-w
15. Toshhenko Zh.T. Ot Prekarnoj Zanjatosti k Prekarizacii Zhizni. Kollektivnaja Monografija. Moscow: Publishing House “Ves' Mir”; 2022. 364 p. ISBN 978-5-7777-0886-1 https://doi.org/10.55604/9785777708861 (In Russ.)
16. Popov A.V. Implications of Precarization in the Context of Generational Groups: Direct and Indirect Effects. Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast. 2022;15(6):167–181. https://doi.org/10.15838/esc.2022.6.84.10
17. Waldron R. Generation Rent and Housing Precarity in «Post Crisis» Ireland. Housing Studies. 2021; 38(2):181–205. https://doi.org/10.1080/02673037.2021.1879998
18. Litvintsev D.B. Housing precarity in developed countries: a review of research and an assessment of their significance for Russia. Social'nye novacii i social'nye nauki=Social Novelties and Social Sciences. 2024;(3):55-65. https://doi.org/31249/snsn/2024.03.04 (In Russ.)
19. Litvintsev D.B. Housing Precarity: Factors, Discourses and Foreign Measurement Experiences. Zhurnal issledovanii sotsial'noi politiki=The Journal of Social Policy Studies. 2024;22(3):553-566. https://doi.org/10.17323/727-0634-2024-22-3-553-566 (In Russ.)
20. Dolgushkin N.K., Odintsova E.V. Features of Property Security of Families with Children in Urban and Rural Areas. APK: ehkonomika, upravlenie=AIC: Economics, Management. 2023;(9):107-116. https://doi.org/10.33305/239-107 (In Russ.)
21. Pilipenko I.V., Schneiderman I.M. Regional priorities in the Utilities’ Infrastructure Upgrading in Rural Areas for Improving Quality of Life of the Population (Part One). Narodonaselenie=Population. 2024;27(1):20-32. https://doi.org/10.24412/1561-7785-2024-1-20-32 (in Russ.)
22. Pilipenko I.V., Schneiderman I.M. Regional priorities in the Utilities’ Infrastructure Upgrading in Rural Areas for Improving Quality of Life of the Population. Narodonaselenie=Population. 2024;27(2):26-40. https://doi.org/10.24412/1561-7785-2024-2-26-40 (in Russ.)
23. Bobkov V.N., Odintsova Y.V., Bobkov N.V. Relevance of Developing a National Programme to Increase Income, Reduce Poverty and Inequality. Uroven' zhizni naselenija regionov Rossii=Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia. 2020;16(2):9-24. https://doi.org/10.19181/lsprr/2020.16.2.1 (in Russ.).
24. Bobkov V.N., Gulyugina A.A. (ex. ed). Monitoring Dokhodov i Urovnya Zhizni Naseleniya Rossii – 2023 god. Yearbook. Issue 2(203). Moscow: Institute of Economics of the RAS; 2024. 182 p. (In Russ.)
25. Campos Ugaz D. Time Precarity at Work: Nonstandard Forms of Employment and Everyday life. Social Indicators Research. 2022;(164):969–991. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-022-02954-1
26. Perri M., O’Campo P., Gill P., et al. Precarious Work on the Rise. BMC Public Health.  2024;(24):2074. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-19363-3

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Yurii A. Avdeev

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ECONOMICAL RESEARCH

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Dina K. Tanatova, Ivan V. Korolev

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Natalya L. Antonova, Sofya B. Abramova 

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SCIENTIFIC LIFE

Socio-Demographic Ideas of Mikhail V. Lomonosov in the Service of the Modern Russian State. Review of Materials from the Panel Discussion Dedicated to the 270th Anniversary of Lomonosov Moscow State University

Tamara V. Lebedeva, Aleksandra R. Akramova, Anna K. Shebanova

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SCIENTIFIC LIFE

TITLE

Socio-Demographic Ideas of Mikhail V. Lomonosov in the Service of the Modern Russian State. Review of Materials from the Panel Discussion Dedicated to the 270th Anniversary of Lomonosov Moscow State University

Tamara V. Lebedeva, Aleksandra R. Akramova, Anna K. Shebanova

000

2.828 MB

Full text

INDEX

CNF (Conference Proceedings)

JEL J11

https://doi.org/10.52180/1999-9836_2025_21_1_6_88_99

AUTHORS

Tamara V. Lebedeva

Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

OCRID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1817-3685

RSCI AuthorID: 731576

Scopus Author ID: 57190430527

Aleksandra R. Akramova

Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

OCRID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1434-9425

SPIN-code: 8191-3240

RSCI AuthorID: 1190489

Anna K. Shebanova

Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

OCRID: https://orcid.org/ 0009-0000-1258-6027

FOR CITATION

Lebedeva T.V., Akramova A.R., Shebanova A.K. Socio-Demographic Ideas of Mikhail V. Lomonosov in the Service of the Modern Russian State. Review of Materials from the Panel Discussion Dedicated to the 270th Anniversary of Lomonosov Moscow State University.  Uroven' zhizni naseleniya regionov Rossii=Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia. 2025;21(1):166–171. https://doi.org/10.52180/1999-9836_2025_21_1_13_166_171 (In Russ.)

Abstract

The study of the rich scientific heritage of Mikhail V. Lomonosov devoted many scientific books and articles, which describe the contribution of the famous Russian scientist to the development of various fields of scientific knowledge - astronomy, geography, physical chemistry, metallurgy, engineering, history, grammar, poetics and others. Thanks to the discoveries of the brilliant scientist, many branches of modern science received further development. The social and demographic heritage of M. Lomonosov, a brilliant scientist’s contribution to the study of population problems, is of significant importance for the current stage of development of the Russian state. The session of the panel discussion, organized and conducted by the Department of Demography of the Higher School of Contemporary Social Sciences (Faculty) Lomonosov Moscow State University, was devoted to examining this side of creativity of the great thinker, developing his ideas in contem porary socio-demographic conditions Mikhail V. Lomonosov.

Keywords

ideas of M.V. Lomonosov, the panel discussion, preservation and reproduction of Russian people, population, demography

AUTHORS BIOGRAFY

Tamara V. Lebedeva

PhD in Geography, Associate Professor, Researcher, Department for Demography, Higher School of Contemporary Social Sciences (Faculty), Lomonosov Moscow State University

Aleksandra R. Akramova

Lecturer of the Department of Demography, Higher School of Contemporary Social Sciences (Faculty), Lomonosov State University 

Anna K. Shebanova

Laboratory Assistant, Department of Demography, Higher School of Contemporary Social Sciences (Faculty), Lomonosov State University

References

 1. Bushkov A. Tainy Sibiri, ili Zachem Rossiya Ee Zavoevala. Moscow: Publishing House Kapital; 2020. 320 p. ISBN 978-5-90694058-2 (In Russ.)
 2. Riznich I. Lomonosov. Series The Most Complete Biography. Moscow: AST Publishing House; 2023. 352 p. ISBN 978-5-17155780-5 (In Russ.)
 3. Lomonosov M.V. Slovo o Pol'ze Khimii, v Publichnom Sobranii Imperatorskoi Akademii Nauk Sentyabrya 6 Dnya 1751 Goda
 Govorennoe Mikhailom Lomonosovym. In: Lomonosov M.V. Complete Works. Vol. 2. Works on Physics and Chemistry, 1747–1752. Moscow: Leningrad: USSR Academy of Sciences; 1951. P. 345–369. (In Russ.)
 4. Lomonosov M.V. Drevnyaya Rossiiskaya Istoriya ot Nachala Rossiiskogo Naroda do Konchiny Velikago Knyazya Yaroslava Per
vago ili do 1054 Goda, Cochinennaya Mikhailom Lomonosovym, Statskim Sovetnikom, Professorom Khimii i Chlenom Sanktpeterburgskoi Imperatorskoi i Korolevskoi Shvedskoi akademii nauk. Saint Petersburg; 1766. 140 p. (In Russ.)
 5. Lomonosov M.V. Kratkii Rossiiskii Letopisets s Rodosloviem. Sochinenie Mikhaila Lomonosova. In: Lomonosov M.V. Com
plete Works. Vol. 6. Works on Russian History, Socio-economic Issues and Geography. 1747–1765. Moscow: Leningrad: USSR Academy of Sciences; 1952. P. 287–358. (In Russ.)
 6. Lomonosov M.V. Zamechaniya na Dissertatsiyu G.-F. Millera «Proiskhozhdenie Imeni i Naroda Rossiiskogo». In: Lomonosov
 M.V. O Sokhranenii Russkogo Naroda. Comp. and ed. by O.A. Moscow: Institute of Russian Civilization; 2011. P. 202–226. (In Russ.) 
7. Lomonosov M.V. O Sokhranenii i Razmnozhenii Rossiiskogo Naroda. Selected Works. In 2 vol. Vol. 2. Moscow: Publishing house Nauka; 1986. Р. 130–144. (In Russ.)