SECTION:

ECONOMIC RESEARCH

TITLE

Technological Update: Productivity and Labor Dynamics

Oleg S. Sukharev

2.828 MB

Full text

RAR (Research Article Report)

JEL О33, О47

https://doi.org/10.52180/1999-9836_2026_22_2_4_240_255

AUTHOR

Oleg S. Sukharev

Institute of Economics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3436-7703

SPIN-code: 9463-8370

ResearcherID: C-3767-2018

Scopus Author ID: 56736819100

FOR CITATION

Sukharev O.S. Technological Update: Productivity and Labor Dynamics. Uroven' Zhizni Naseleniya Regionov Rossii=Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia. 2026;22(2):240–255. https://doi.org/10.52180/1999-9836_2026_22_2_4_240_255 (In Russ.)

ABSTRACT

This paper examines the relationship between technological renewal of the Russian economy, aimed at increasing technological sophistication, and labor productivity and labor dynamics across aggregated economic sectors. The purpose of the study is to identify the characteristics of labor dynamics in the Russian economy, analyzing the dynamics of overall technological sophistication and labor productivity. The methodology utilizes an approach to studying technological dualism and its variants, the «Manoleisku argument», methods for measuring productivity and technological sophistication, and regression analysis. The research is based on data from Rosstat, ILO and the World Bank. The application of this methodology yielded the general conclusion that increased labor productivity may have no impact whatsoever on the growth of technological sophistication and technological renewal of the economy, just as increased technological sophistication may not lead to increased productivity over a given period. Furthermore, a counter-effect of technological dualism was identified. Unlike the «pseudo-effect» observed in Russia before 2022, this counter-effect demonstrates an increase in employment in manufacturing, accompanied by an increase in technological sophistication, labor productivity, and wages. Prior to this period, the pseudo-effect of technological dualism consisted of a stagnant technological sophistication, labor leaving manufacturing, and a slow increase in wages. The emerging effects on labor dynamics between aggregated sectors of the Russian economy confirm the lack of systemic action in the area of technological renewal and productivity improvement policies, necessitating the pursuit of one goal while pursuing the other on a large scale. The goal is to deploy a process of technological renewal that would lead to increased productivity, leading to growth in real incomes and wages. It is noted that wage increases, in the face of a shortage of highly qualified personnel, can occur independently of labor productivity, in order to attract the appropriate personnel as a prerequisite for intensifying the process of technological renewal.

KEYWORDS

labor productivity, technology, wages, labor dynamics by sector, technological dualism, processing, transaction-raw materials sector, means of production, consumer goods

INFORMATION ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Oleg S. Sukharev

Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor, Chief Researcher, Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

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SECTION:

ECONOMIC RESEARCH

TITLE

Problems of Development of the State Pension System for the Planning and Budgetary Period

Arkadii K. Solovev

2.828 MB

Full text

RAR (Research Article Report)

JEL G280

https://doi.org/10.52180/1999-9836_2026_22_2_3_224_239

AUTHOR

Arkadii K. Solovev

Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8563-9836

SPIN-code: 6165-1300

Scopus Author ID: 57200797260

FOR CITATION

Solovev A.K. Problems of Development of the State Pension System for the Planning and Budgetary Period. Uroven' Zhizni Naseleniya Regionov Rossii=Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia. 2026;22(2):224–239. https://doi.org/10.52180/1999-9836_2026_22_2_3_224_239 (In Russ.)

ABSTRACT

The purpose of the study is to assess the current state of the main economic parameters of the development of the state pension system and to identify the conditions for achieving the targets for the standard of living of the older generations of the population at the final stage of pension reform. The object of the study is the state pension system, which is considered not only as the main part of the state pension policy, but primarily as an integral basic element of the state budget of the modern welfare state. This is the main novelty of the study. The pension reform, initiated back in the perestroika period, was aimed at transforming the solidarity and equalization model of pension provision for citizens into an insurance model for the formation and implementation of pension rights by establishing a direct dependence of the amount of pension entitlements and benefits on their individual labor potential. However, despite the multi-stage restructuring of all the basic components of the state pension system, not all the planned parameters have been achieved. The relevance of the study is confirmed by the persistence of the main problems of pension provision for the 2026–2028 budget planning period: a decrease in the standard of living of older generations, the risks of financial security for the strategic period of fulfilling pension obligations, the preservation of restrictions on the rights of working pensioners, etc. The research methodology is based on actuarial and statistical methods of analyzing the factors and conditions of the pension system development in an inextricable connection with macroeconomics. The practical results of the study substantiate the need to integrate the current insurance model of pension provision, focused on the realization of the rights of the declining sector of wage employment with hybrid models of the formation of pension rights of the self-employed and unemployed population.

KEYWORDS

state pension system, macroeconomics, pension reform, demographic factors, long-term strategy, pension rights, standard of living, subsistence minimum for pensioners, replacement rate

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The article is based on research conducted using budget funds under the state assignment of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation in 2024.

INFORMATION ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Arkadii K. Solovev

Doctor of Economics, Professor, Honoured Economist of Russia, Director, Research Center for the Development of the State Pension System and Actuarial and Statistical Analysis, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation.

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SECTION:

ECONOMIC RESEARCH

TITLE

Household Consumer Expenditure Structure and Poverty

Alexander A. Tkachenko

2.828 MB

Full text

RAR (Research Article Report)

JEL I32, D31, D6

https://doi.org/10.52180/1999-9836_2026_22_2_2_211_223

AUTHOR

Alexander A. Tkachenko

Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8828-1761

SPIN-code: 4164-7174

Scopus Author ID: 57218891580

FOR CITATION

Tkachenko A.A. Household Consumer Expenditure Structure and Poverty. Uroven' Zhizni Naseleniya Regionov Rossii=Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia. 2026;22(2):211–223. https://doi.org/10.52180/1999-9836_2026_22_2_2_211_223 (In Russ.)

ABSTRACT

The aim of the study is to analyze the dynamics of the structure of household expenditures to identify the measure/level of poverty of the population, not directly related to the national poverty line; the structure more informatively reflects the real processes in measuring the poverty level of different income groups of households. The methodological basis of the study is the corresponding methods and methodology of the works of E. Engel and modern research on this problem. The article provides a description of changes in the structure of household consumption expenditures in Russia and a number of developed countries, identifying positive and negative differences that require a more accurate assessment of the level of poverty among Russian households and the population. A persistent differentiation of regions in the structure of expenditures reflecting the level of poverty has been revealed. The real scale of poverty prevalence among decile groups of Russian households, a significant and persistent gap in the income and expenditure of urban and rural households are shown. This gap could lead to failure to achieve national development goals by 2036, particularly in population health indicators. Particular attention is paid to the problems of large families, which are revealed by analyzing the structure of their expenses, primarily the differences in the share of food costs in families with different numbers of children. The study led to the conclusion that the basis for economic growth due to domestic consumption is weak, as well as the need to consider the dynamics of the population's expenditure structure - primarily the share of food expenditures when assessing the socio-economic and demographic development of territories.

KEYWORDS

household consumption expenditure, large families, regional differentiation, poor households, Engel's law, budget surveys, health care costs, state policy, middle class

INFORMATION ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Alexander A. Tkachenko

Doctor of Economics, Professor, Chief Researcher, The Institute of International Economic Relations Research, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation.

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SECTION:

ARTICLE OF THE ISSUE

TITLE

About Love and More: Students on Family and Marriage

Irina B. Britvina, Ekaterina V. Zaitseva

2.828 MB

Full text

RAR (Research Article Report)

JEL J12, J13, Z13

https://doi.org/10.52180/1999-9836_2026_22_2_1_198_210

AUTHORS

Irina B. Britvina

Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Yekaterinburg, Russia

E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2862-4408

SPIN-code: 8650-6509

ResearcherID: N-9616-2013

Scopus Author ID: 56766050400

Ekaterina V. Zaitseva

Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Yekaterinburg, Russia

E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2112-3029

SPIN-code: 8618-6729

ResearcherID: AAD-7875-2019

Scopus Author ID: 57220778399

FOR CITATION

Britvina I.B., Zaitseva E.V. About Love and More: Students on Family and Marriage. Uroven' Zhizni Naseleniya Regionov Rossii=Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia. 2026;22(2):198-210. https://doi.org/10.52180/1999-9836_2026_22_2_1_198_210 (In Russ.)

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this article is to analyze the phenomenon of value dualism in the consciousness of modern students, manifested in the priority of emotional and psychological aspects of marriage (love, trust) with the simultaneous growth of subjective barriers and fears of the socio-economic uncertainty of the future. The empirical base draws on the results of a formalized survey of students from six major universities in Yekaterinburg (N=1188). The theoretical framework of the study is based on the synthesis of the concepts of «pure relationships» by E. Giddens, «liquid modernity» by Z. Bauman, and the theory of intergenerational value shift by R. Inglehart. The study revealed a contradiction between the preservation of the family as the highest terminal value and the degradation of the instrumental conditions for its creation. It was found that the key barriers to marriage are the economic crisis (67,7%) and uncertainty about the future (65,6%). A significant gender gap has been identified: women are three times more likely than men to view family as a tool for ensuring existential security. Special attention is paid to the factor of mediatization: it has been shown that the dominant influence of social media (80%) contributes to the construction of family as a «visual project of success», which artificially increases the material threshold for young people's readiness for marriage. The study concludes that the transformation of the life strategy of students: the transition to the model of «delayed adulthood» transforms marriage from the starting point of adult life into a «result and reward» for achieved social success. In conclusion, the paper provides recommendations for improving demographic policy, justifying the need to switch from direct payments to creating an «infrastructure of confidence».

KEYWORDS

marriage and family attitudes, barriers, value dualism, transformation, the institution of the family, gender asymmetry, students, survey, Yekaterinburg

INFORMATION ABOUT THE AUTHORS

Irina B. Britvina

Doctor of Sociology, Professor of the Department of Integrated Marketing Communications and Branding, Institute of Economics and Management, Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin.

Ekaterina V. Zaitseva

PhD in Sociology, Associate Professor of the Department of Theory, Methodology and Legal Support of State and Municipal Administration, Institute of Economics and Management, Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin.

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