ECONOMICAL RESEARCH
TITLE
The Profiles of the Self-employed and Platform Workers in Russia
Dmitrii G. Bychkov, Elena E. Grishina, Olesya A. Feoktistova, Natal'ya V. Loktyukhina
 339-355 |
 2.828 MB |
 Full text |
INDEX
RAR (Research Article Report)
https://doi.org/10.52180/1999-9836_2024_20_3_2_339_355
AUTHORS
Dmitrii G. Bychkov
Federal State Budgetary Institution Scientific and Research Financial Institute, Moscow, Russia
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4699-7662
SPIN-code: 8644-1181
РИНЦ AuthorID: 284052
Elena E. Grishina
Federal State Budgetary Institution Scientific and Research Financial Institute, Moscow, Russia
e-mail:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/00001-8548-5497
SPIN-код: 6414-7957
РИНЦ AuthorID: 3547472
Olesya A. Feoktistova
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8169-7975
SPIN-код: 9663-6080
РИНЦ AuthorID: 547493
Natal'ya V. Loktyukhina
Federal State Budgetary Institution Scientific and Research Financial Institute, Moscow, Russia
Academy of Labor and Social Relations, Moscow, Russia
e-mail:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8390-8537
SPIN-код: 3056-0453
РИНЦ AuthorID: 369938
ResearcherID: U-7444-2019
FOR CITATION
Bychkov D.G., Grishina E.E., Feoktistova O.A., Loktyukhina N.V. The Profiles of the Self-employed and Platform Workers in
Russia. Uroven' zhizni naseleniya regionov Rossii=Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia. 2024;20(3):339–355.
https://doi.org/10.52180/1999-9836_2024_20_3_2_339_355 (In Russ.)
ABSTRACT
The study analyses the profiles of the self-employed and platform workers in Russia to gain a better understanding of the similarities and
dissimilarities between these two groups, to assess the socio-economic risks these group face and identify ways of mitigating those risks.
The profiles of the self-employed and platform workers are understood here as characteristics of the composition of these groups in terms
of socio-demographic groups that they incorporate/ The study uses data from the Federal Tax Service of Russia, Russian Committee for
Statistics (workforce surveys, survey of the living conditions); own survey; and interviews with digital platform CEOs. The use of different
sources of data has allowed to expand the list of indicators that characterize the special features of the self-employed and platform workers. Some of these characteristics have been described for the first time for instance, the poverty rate, duration of platform employment,etc. This, and also the new knowledge concerning the two employment forms represent the input of this study into the applied research.
The spatial distribution of the self-employed and platform workers across regions and territories showed a high proportion of these forms of employment in big cities, as well as in the southern and the North Caucuses regions of Russia. A comparison of various databases showed that a large proportion of the self-employed and platform workers are engaged in the service sector. It also showed the younger age of the members of these two groups that that of the remaining workforce and their higher satisfaction with their health status. The share of persons without vocational training or those who work outside the profession for which they were trained among the self-employed and platform workers is higher than among the hired workforce. These groups are much more likely to have non-standard working hours. Data from different sources indicate that the financial positions of the self-employed and platform workers are not much different form one another. Among the self-employed, more than half are quite satisfied with their earnings (which may indicate that self-employment is a free choice),
but the rate of satisfaction with job security is lower than that of hired personnel. The results allow to compare the profiles of self-employed
and platform workers in Russia and with those of respective workers in other countries.
KEYWORDS
self-employment, platform employment, professional income tax, new forms of employment, composition of employment, independent workers, own-account workers
AUTHORS BIOGRAFY
Dmitrii G. Bychkov – PhD in Sociology, Leading Researcher, Federal State Budgetary Institution Scientific and Research Financial Institute
Elena E. Grishina – PhD in Economics, Leading Researcher, Federal State Budgetary Institution Scientific and Research Financial Institute
Olesya A. Feoktistova –PhD in Economics, Director of Center of Social Sphere Finance, Federal State Budgetary Institution Scientific and
Research Financial Institute
Natal'ya V. Loktyukhina – Doctor of Economics, Professor, Leading Researcher, Federal State Budgetary Institution Scientific and Research Financial Institute; Professor of the Department of Labor Economics and Personnel Management, Academy of Labor and Social
Relations
REFERENCES
1. Loktyukhina N.V., Chernykh E.A. Individualization of Labor Relations: Trends, Problems and Solutions. Sotsial'no-trudovye
Issledovaniya=Social and labor research. 2021;4(45):51-61 https://doi.org/ 10.34022/2658-3712-2021-45-4-51-61 (In Russ.)
2. Strebkov D., Shevchuk A. Work Trajectories of Self-Employed Professionals. Mir Rossii=Universe of Russia. 2015;24(1):72-100
(In Russ.)
3. Strebkov D.O. Labor Values of Independent and Organizational Employment. Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya=Sociological Research. 2017;(1(393)):81-93. (In Russ.)
4. Strebkov D.O., Shevchuk A. V., Spirina M.O. Self-employment in the remote work market: diffusion of innovative labor practice. Monitoring Obshchestvennogo mneniya: ekonomicheskie i sotsial'nye peremeny=Monitoring of Public Opinion: Economic and
Social Changes. 2016;6:89-106. (In Russ.)
5. Shevchuk A.V. Self-employment in the Information Economy: Basic Concepts and Types. Ekonomicheskaya sotsiologiya=Economic sociology. 2008;9(1):51-64. (In Russ.)
6. Shevchuk A.V. Self-employment of Highly Qualified Workers: Labor Strategies and Motivation. Ekonomicheskaya sotsiologiya=Economic sociology. 2007;8(1):103-108. (In Russ.)
7. Bobkov V.N., Chernykh E.A. Platform Employment – the Scale and Evidence of Instability. Mir novoi ekonomiki=The World of
The New Economy. 2020;14(2):6-15. https://doi.org/10.26794/2220-6469-2020-14-2-6-15 (In Russ.)
8. Bobkov V.N. (ed.), Kvachev V.G., Kolmakov I.B., et al. Precarious Employment in the Russian Federation: Theory and Methodology of Identification, Evaluation and Reduction. Scientific Monograph. Moscow: Publishing House «KnoRus»; 2018. 341 p.
ISBN 978-5-406-00369-5 (In Russ.)
9. Vilenskiy A.V. Self-employment in Russia: spatial aspect of its development as an institution. Vestnik Instituta ekonomiki
Rossiyskoy akademii nauk=Bulletin of the Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2023;(3):7-29. https://doi.
org/10.52180/2073-6487_2023_3_7_29 (In Russ.)
10. Chudinovskikh M.V., Dolzhenko S.B. Self-Employment in Russia: Key Trends, Risks and Opportunities. Izvestiya Baikal’skogo
gosudarstvennogo universiteta=Bulletin of Baikal State University. 2023;33(2):368–379. https://doi.org/10.17150/2500-2759.2023.33
(In Russ.)
11. Misko O.N., Tsygankova I.V. Trends in the Development of Self-Employment in Russia. Upravlencheskoye konsul'tirovaniye=
Administrative Consulting. 2022;12(168):18-31. https://doi.org/10.22394/1726-1139-2022-12-18-31 (In Russ.)
12. Sinyavskaya O.V., Biryukova S.S., Gorvat E.S., et al. Platformennaya zanyatost' v Rossii: Masshtaby, Motivy i Bar'ery Uchastiya.
Analytical Report. Moscow: National Research University Higher School of Economics; 2022. 32 p. ISBN 978-5-7598-2494-7
https://doi.org/10.17323/978-5-7598-2494-7 (In Russ.)
13. Platformennaya Zanyatost': Vyzovy i Vozmozhnye Resheniya. Analytical Report. Center for Strategic Research. Moscow; 2022.
71 p. Available from: https://www.csr.ru/upload/iblock/6ca/krk89ha0yxx3ystja243obvc7ly8bntv.pdf (access date: 22.05.2024). (In
Russ.)
14. Pokida A., Zybunovskaya N., Gazieva I. Development of Self-Employment in the Modern Labor Market. Ekonomicheskoe
razvitie Rossii=Russian Economic Developments. 2022;29(1):56-63. (In Russ.)
15. Pokida A.N. Social Guarantees of Self-employed Citizens in the Modern Labor Market: Problems and Contradictions. Social
and labor conflicts in Russia and in the world: Proceedings of the VI International Scientific and Practical Conference, St. Petersburg, October 01, 2021. St. Petersburg Humanitarian University of Trade Unions, 2021. P. 61-66. (In Russ.)
16. Mirzabalaeva F.I., Zabelina O.V. Platform Employment Regulation: Flexible Balance of State Guarantees and Self-Regulation.
Ekonomika Truda=Russian Journal of Labor Economics. 2022;9(3):587–604. https://doi.org/10.18334/et.9.3.114438 (In Russ.)
17. Tonkikh N.V., Babintseva A.V. Research of Population's Self-Employment in The Russian Federation: General and Private
Problems. Vestnik Omskogo universiteta: Ekonomika=Bulletin of Omsk University. Economics. 2020;18(1):172-183. https://doi.
org/10.24147/1812-3988.2020.18(1).172-183 (In Russ.)
18. Loktyukhina N.V., Chernykh E.A. Dynamics and Quality of Platform Employment in The Era of Coronavirus: Challenges for
Russia. Uroven' zhizni naseleniya regionov Rossii=Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia. 2020;16(4):80–95.
https://doi.org/10.19181/lsprr.2020.16.4.7 (In Russ.)
19. Geliskhanov I.Z., Yudina T.N., Babkin A.V. Digital Platforms in Economics: Essence, Models, Development Trends. Nauchno-tekhnicheskiye vedomosti SPbGPU. Ekonomicheskiye nauki=St. Petersburg State Polytechnical University Journal. Economics.
2018;11(6):22–36. https://doi.org/10.18721/JE.11602 (In Russ.)
20. Makoev S.R. Platform Economy in The Financial Market. Vestnik Surgutskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta=Bulletin of Surgut
State University. 2019;26(4):53-57. https://doi.org/10.34822/2312-3419-2019;(4):53-57 (In Russ.)
21. Zipperer B., McNicholas C., Poydock M., et al. National Survey of Gig Workers Paints a Picture of Poor Working Conditions,
Low Pay. Report. The Economic Policy Institute. Washington: The Economic Policy Institute; 2022 June. 13 p. Available from: https://files.epi.org/uploads/250647.pdf (access date: 22.05.2024).
22. Realizing Decent Work in the Platform Economy. International Labour Office. Geneva: ILO; 2024. 124 p. Available from: https://www.ilo.org/resource/conference-paper/realizing-decent-work-platform-economy (access date: 22.05.2024).
23. Self-employment in the EU: Job Quality and Developments in Social Protection. Research Report. Publications Office of the
European Union. Luxembourg; 2024. 86 p. ISBN 978-92-897-2371-8 https://doi.org/10.2806/350964
24. Handbook on the Extension of Social Security Coverage to the Self-employed. Geneva: International Social Security Association; 2012. 64 p. ISBN 978-92-843-0186-7