DEMOGRAPHIC RESEARCH

TITLE

Economic Situation of Large Families in Moscow and Moscow Region: a Sociological Study

Elena V. Zemlyanova, Natalia A. Bezverbnaya, Elena K. Zhuravleva

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2.828 MB

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INDEX

RAR (Research Article Report)

JEL J11

https://doi.org/10.52180/1999-9836_2025_21_2_4_223_232

AUTHORS

Elena V. Zemlyanova

Institute for Demographic Research - Branch of the Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

OCRID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6231-1611

SPIN-code: 3444–9754

RSCI AuthorID: 167570

ReseacherID: AAA-4170-2021

Natalia A. Bezverbnaya

Independent Researcher

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OCRID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6617-8723

SPIN-code: 6590–8965

RSCI AuthorID: 926075

ReseacherID: AAT-5201-2020

Elena K. Zhuravleva

National Parents Association, Moscow, Russia

Institute of Socio-Economic Studies of Population named after N.M. Rimashevskaya - Branch of the Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

OCRID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5525-0459

SPIN-code: 5567-2429

RSCI AuthorID: 880103

FOR CITATION

Zemlyanova E.V., Bezverbnaya N.A., Zhuravleva E.K. Economic Situation of Large Families in Moscow and Moscow Region: a Sociological Study. Uroven' Zhizni Naseleniya Regionov Rossii=Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia. 2025;21(2):223–232. https://doi.org/10.52180/1999-9836_2025_21_2_4_223_232 (In Russ.)

Abstract

The article presents the results of a sociological study conducted in 2024 among large families in Moscow and Moscow region. The sample amounted to 253 respondents. The purpose of the study is to examine the economic situation of large families, their reproductive plans and factors influencing the decision to have children. The research material consisted of 253 questionnaires filled out by parents with many children who had at least one minor child under the age of 18 in their family at the time of the survey. The respondents' responses statistically processed for analysis. A content analysis of national and foreign publications on the research topic also conducted. Out of more than 50 publications, 15 of the most relevant to the subject of the study selected. The data analysis showed that the majority of respondents have three children, and the desired number of children in the family, given the necessary conditions, is five. However, the real plans of most families are limited to three children. The main obstacles to having more children are economic factors such as material difficulties, high credit burden, housing problems and uncertainty about the future. The survey also showed that additional measures of state support for families with children had little impact on respondents' decision to have a younger child. More than half of the respondents do not plan to have more children, and the birth of a younger child did not contribute to improving the family's standard of living, solving housing problems or receiving significant material assistance from the state. The results of the study emphasize the need to develop and implement effective measures of state support for large families aimed at improving their economic situation and creating favorable conditions for the implementation of reproductive plans (such as targeted social payments, housing and education benefits). Also authors believe that it’s important to overcome stereotypes in society and the media related to the material well-being of large families in Russia.).

Keywords

large families, economic situation, average number of children, reproductive plans, measures of state support, sociological research, Moscow and the Moscow region

AUTHOR'S BIOGRAFY

Elena V. Zemlyanova

PhD in Economics, Leading Researcher, Institute for Demographic Research - Branch of the Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Natalia A. Bezverbnaya

PhD in Sociology, Independent Researcher

Elena K. Zhuravleva

Expert, National Parents Association; Junior Researcher, Institute of Socio-Economic Studies of Population named after N.M. Rimashevskaya - Branch of the Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences

References

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3. Kapoguzov E.A., Chupin R.I. Effectiveness of Family Policy in Russia: Evidence-Based Approach. Terra Economicus. 2021;19(3):20–36. https://doi.org/10.18522/2073- 6606-2021-19-3-20-36 (In Russ.)
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5. Razumov A.A., Selivanova O.V. The Impact of Child Benefits and Compensation Payments on Poverty Reduction in the Regions of Russia. Sotsial'no-trudovye issledovaniya=Social and Labor Research. 2023;50(1):83-93. https://doi.org/10.34022/2658-3712-2022-50-1-83-93. (In Russ.)
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DEMOGRAPHIC RESEARCH

TITLE

Demographic Development of Russia's Regions: Progress towards Achieving National Goals

Konstantin A. Chernyshev

000

2.828 MB

Full text

INDEX

RAR (Research Article Report)

JEL J10, R23

https://doi.org/10.52180/1999-9836_2025_21_2_3_212_222

AUTHOR

Konstantin A. Chernyshev

Institute for Demographic Research – Branch of the Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

OCRID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3543-4776

SPIN-code: 4782-5602

RSCI AuthorID: 623010

FOR CITATION

Chernyshev K.A. Demographic Development of Russia's Regions: Progress towards Achieving National Goals. Uroven' Zhizni Naseleniya Regionov Rossii=Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia. 2025;21(2):212–222. https://doi.org/10.52180/1999-9836_2025_21_2_3_212_222 (In Russ.)

Abstract

The article is devoted to the study of the demographic development of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The aim of the study is to improve scientific approaches to assessing regional demographic development, and the objectives of the study include determining the criteria for demographic development with the subsequent identification of prosperous and problematic regions of the Russian Federation. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study were scientific approaches to assessing the demographic well-being of the regions of Russia. Demographic development is measured using indicators included in the assessment of the effectiveness of the activities of senior officials and executive bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Their list is proposed to be supplemented by the inclusion of migration indicators in order to reflect the key processes affecting population change: birth rate, mortality, migration. The threshold values that separate problematic regions are used target indicators planned in official documents of the Government of the Russian Federation, as well as their dynamics for 2018-2023. It was revealed that all regions meet some criteria of problematic demographic development. The demographic indicators of ten regions of the Russian Federation are below the threshold values for all proposed criteria – these are Amur, Kirov, Kostroma, Lipetsk, Murmansk, Omsk, Orenburg, Penza regions, Primorsky Krai and the Komi Republic. The group of problematic regions is characterized by stable depopulation, a combination of natural decline and migration outflow, negative dynamics of birth rates and a decrease in life expectancy. Relatively prosperous regions include Moscow and Adygea, Khanty-Mansiysk and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrugs. It is concluded that in the context of depopulation, it is necessary to develop scientifically based approaches to assessing demographic development and typology of regions for the implementation of effective demographic policy.

Keywords

demographic development, regions of Russia, demographic well-being, depopulation, fertility, life expectancy, migration

AUTHOR'S BIOGRAFY

Konstantin A. Chernyshev

PhD in Geography, Leading Researcher, the Institute for Demographic Research – Branch of the Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the RAS

References

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5. Korolenko A.V. A Technique of Constructing Integrated Indices as a Tool of Demographic Zoning in Russian Regions. Voprosy territorial'nogo razvitiya=Territorial Development Issues.2017;(4(39)):7-18 (In Russ.)
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7. Rubtsov V.A., Gabdrakhmanov N.K., Rozhko M.V. Index of Demographic Situation of the Volga Federal District. Vestnik Udmurtskogo universiteta. Seriya Biologiya. Nauki o Zemle=Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series Biology. Earth Sciences.2014;(1):150-4 (In Russ.)
8. Bezverbnyy V.A., Mikryukov N.Yu., Miryazov T.R., et al. Natural population Change in Russian Regions: Factors, Dynamics, Prospects.  Demograficheskie issledovaniya=DEMIS. Demographic Research.2023;3(4):37-58. https://doi.org/10.19181/demis.2023.3.4.3 (In Russ.)
9. Nioradze G.V., Topilin A.V., Vorobieva O.D., Ivanova A.E. Regional Differentiation of Demographic Dynamics in Russia and the Role of Healthcare. Problemy sotsial'noi gigieny, zdravookhraneniya i istorii meditsiny=Problems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Medicine.2023;31(S2):1275-81. http://dx.doi.org/10.32687/0869-866X-2023-31-s2-1275-1281 (In Russ.)      
10. Rodionova L.A., Kopnova E.D. Gender and Regional Differences in Life Expectancy in Russia. Voprosy statistiki=Bulletin of Statistics. 2020;27(1):106-20. https://doi.org/10.34023/2313-6383-2020-27-1-106-120 (In Russ.)
11. Brock G. Regional Life Expectancy in Russia 1996-2019 - a Preston Curve and Convergence Clubs. The Journal of Social Sciences Research.2025;11(1):15-22. https://doi.org/10.32861/jssr.111.15.22
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13. Rybakovskiy L.L., Fadeeva T.A. A. Fertility of the Population of Russian Regions in the Late 20th and Early 21st Centuries: Trends, Features and Consequences. Narodonaselenie=Population.2024;27(2):111-124. https://doi.org/10.24412/1561-7785-2024-2-111-124 (In Russ.)
14. Moiseev V.V., Kolesnikova J.S., Yagudina E.V., et al. Effectiveness of Demographic Policy Measures in Addressing Population Decline in Contemporary Russia. Journal of Infrastructure, Policy and Development.2024;8(9):1-13. https://doi.org/10.24294/jipd.v8i9.6004
15. Rostovskaya T.K., Arkhangelskiy V.N., et al. Sem'ya i Demograficheskie Protsessy v Sovremennoi Rossii. Moscow: Ekon-Inform; 2021. 257 p. ISBN 978-5-907427-21-1 https://doi.org/10.19181/monogr.978-5-907427-21-1.2021 (In Russ.)
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18. Rybakovsky O.L. Depopulation in European Russian Regions in 1992-2024.  Demograficheskie issledovaniya=DEMIS. Demographic Research.2024;4(4):139-51. https://doi.org/10.19181/demis.2024.4.4.8 (In Russ.)
19. Lokosov V.V. Population Change in Russia: Dynamics and Socioeconomic Risks. Vestnik Rossiyskoy akademii nauk=Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2020;90(2):165-171. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1019331620020033 (In Russ.)

DEMOGRAPHIC RESEARCH

TITLE

Disproportions of Demographic Development of Russia at the Regional Level: Current Trends

Vadim A. Bezverbnyi

000

2.828 MB

Full text

INDEX

RAR (Research Article Report)

JEL J11

https://doi.org/10.52180/1999-9836_2025_21_2_2_197_211

AUTHOR

Vadim A. Bezverbnyi

Institute for Demographic Research - Branch of the Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

OCRID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3148-7072

SPIN-code: 5758-6360

RSCI AuthorID: 539479

ResearcherID: O-1050-2016

Scopus Author ID: 57210845020

FOR CITATION

Bezverbnyi V.A. Disproportions of Demographic Development of Russia at the Regional Level: Current Trends. Uroven' Zhizni Naseleniya Regionov Rossii=Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia. 2025;21(2):197–211. https://doi.org/10.52180/1999-9836_2025_21_2_2_197_211 (In Russ.)

Abstract

The article is devoted to the study of spatial polarisation of demographic development of Russian regions in the period from 1994 to 2024. Based on the analysis of statistical data, including the results of All-Russian population censuses and current records of Rosstat, the key trends determining the differences in the demographic situation at the regional level are identified. The main attention is paid to population dynamics, migration processes, fertility and life expectancy indicators. The results of the study indicate a significant spatial differentiation of demographic processes. Large agglomerations, such as Moscow and St. Petersburg, demonstrate steady population growth due to migration inflow, while the regions of the Far East, Siberia and the North face steady depopulation caused by migration outflow and natural population decline. The analysis of the total fertility rate (TFR) showed that only two regions (the Chechen Republic and the Republic of Tyva) corresponded to the expanded type of population reproduction in 2024, while most regions of the central and western parts of the country are characterised by extremely low birth rates. Special attention is paid to life expectancy, which also demonstrates significant regional differentiation. The lowest values are recorded in the northern and eastern regions. The highest values are observed in the southern regions and large cities. Based on the analysis of natural and migration growth rates, four groups of regions were identified. In conclusion, the authors propose recommendations for demographic policy aimed at reducing spatial disproportions and ensuring sustainable demographic growth.

Keywords

demographic development, spatial polarization, regional differentiation, migration processes, natural population movement, fertility and mortality, life expectancy, depopulation, demographic policy

AUTHOR'S BIOGRAFY

Vadim A. Bezverbnyi

PhD in Economics, Head of the Department of Geo-Urban Studies and Spatial Demography, Leading Researcher, Institute for Demographic Research - Branch of the Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences

References

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2. Ekimova N.A., Gaganov A.E. Demographic Trends in Russian Regions: in Search of Growth Sources. Obrazovanie. Pravo=Business. Education. Law. 2023;(3(64)):60–65. https://doi.org/10.25683/VOLBI.2023.64.707
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9. Motrich E.L. Far East in Russian Demography: Trends during Reform. Prostranstvennaya ekonomika=Spatial Economics. 2017;(3):133–153. https://doi.org/10.14530/se.2017.3.133-153 (In Russ.)
10. Avdeev A.Yu., Ushakova V.L. Demographic Challenges or Why the Demographic Policy of the Far East does not Lead to the Desired Result. Uroven' zhizni naseleniya regionov Rossii=Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia. 2023;19(1):9–24. https://doi.org/10.52180/1999-9836 (In Russ.)
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ARTICLE OF THE ISSUE

TITLE

Precariousness of Living Conditions of the Population: Measurement Approaches and Quantitative Estimates

Elena V. Odintsova

000

2.828 MB

Full text

INDEX

RAR (Research Article Report)

JEL I31, R21

https://doi.org/10.52180/1999-9836_2025_21_2_1_184_196

AUTHOR

Elena V. Odintsova

Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

OCRID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7906-8520

SPIN-code: 1866-4793

RSCI AuthorID: 999153

ReseacherID: : U-7061-2019

FOR CITATION

Odintsova Е.V. Precariousness of Living Conditions of the Population: Measurement Approaches and Quantitative Estimates. Uroven' Zhizni Naseleniya Regionov Rossii=Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia. 2025;21(2):184-196. https://doi.org/10.52180/1999-9836_2025_21_2_1_184_196 (in Russ.)

Abstract

The work is devoted to the problems of the living conditions of the population, which were considered in the framework of the study in order to identify their precariousness. The information basis of the study was made up of microdata from a Comprehensive monitoring of the living conditions of the population conducted by Rosstat in 2022. To identify the precariousness of the living conditions of the population, the following measurements are proposed: the quality of housing conditions; the quality and accessibility of housing and communal services; the reliability of housing; the quality of living conditions in the place of residence (in the dwelling) and in the locality. Estimates of the precariousness of the living conditions of the population according to its individual characteristics, as well as taking into account their concentration, have been obtained. It is shown that 10.9% of the population have no signs indicating precariousness of living conditions, 26.0% of the population have one sign, 22.0% of the population have two signs, and 41.1% of the population have three or more signs. Quantitative estimates of the population distribution have been obtained depending on the combination and concentration of characteristics associated with living in a dwelling and in a locality. It was found that 9.3% of the population is characterized by the presence of one or two signs associated with living in a locality. 21.2% of the population is distinguished by precariousness of living conditions, which is a consequence of one of the manifestations associated with living in a dwelling, 9.9% – two such manifestations. In about a quarter of the population, living conditions are precarious due to the concentrated (three or more) manifestations of signs associated with living in a dwelling and/or in a locality. Another quarter of the population has a less concentrated (one or two) manifestation of signs of precarious living conditions.

Keywords

living conditions, quality of living conditions, precariousness of living conditions, housing, quality of housing conditions, reliability of housing, quality of services, accessibility of services, population

AUTHOR'S BIOGRAFY

Elena V. Odintsova

PhD in Economics, Leading Researcher, Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences

References

1. Bobkov V.N., Kolmakov I.B., Odintsova Y.V. Social Structure of Russian Society in Terms of Housing Security: Criterion and Quantitative Identification, the Guidelines for State Policy. Uroven' zhizni naselenija regionov Rossii=Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia. 2018;14(2):8-23. https://doi.org/10.19181/1999-9836-2018-10011 (in Russ.)
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