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ECONOMIC RESEARCH

TITLE
Risks and Opportunities of Introducing a Basic Income in Russia into the Russian Pension System
Vyacheslav N. Bobkov, Nikolay K. Dolgushkin, Ekaterina A. Smirnova, Vladimir V. Kovalenko

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INDEX

RAR (Research Article Report)

JEL H55

https://doi.org/10.52180/1999-9836_2025_21_4_6_577_590

AUTHORS

Vyacheslav N. Bobkov

Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7364-5297

SPIN-code: 5639-0410

ReseacherID: U-6527-2019

Scopus Author ID: 55960509800

Nikolay K. Dolgushkin

Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

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ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1969-9451

SPIN-code: 9327-6822

ReseacherID: HCH-2675-2022

Scopus Author ID: 57260259100

Ekaterina A. Smirnova

Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4703-3171

SPIN-code: 4549-7878

ResearcherID: ABD-3297-2020

Scopus Author ID: 60153468200

Vladimir V. Kovalenko

Sochi State University, Sochi, Russia

e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1979-8679

SPIN-code: 6027-3119

Scopus Author ID: 56165483300

FOR CITATION
Bobkov V.N., Dolgushkin N.K., Smirnova E.A., Kovalenko V.V. Risks and Opportunities of Introducing a Basic Income in Russia into the Russian Pension System. Uroven' Zhizni Naseleniya Regionov Rossii=Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia. 2025;21(4):577-590. https://doi.org/10.52180/1999-9836_2025_21_4_6_577_590 (In Russ.)

ABSTRACT
The article examines the risks and opportunities of introducing a universal basic income into the Russian pension system. The aim of the presented study is to identify them and justify measures to reduce risks and realize opportunities. The object of the study is the state pension system of the Russian Federation, which includes compulsory pension insurance and state social security. The subject of the study is the risks and opportunities of developing the pension system with the introduction of basic pension income. The research hypothesis is that the risks of introducing a basic pension income as a separate element of the state pension system can be minimized, and the opportunities can be used to improve the standard of living of pensioners. The authors used domestic and foreign scientific publications, legislation in the field of pension provision, analytical reports of Russian and international organizations on the study of the standard of living of the population, social protection and justice for their research. The research methods included: analysis of regulatory legal acts in the field of pension legislation and scientific literature on the problem under study; systematization of risks and opportunities, their assessment and application of appropriate matrices; computational and analytical method; the method of logical substantiation of the outlined approaches, as well as their scientific synthesis. The results of the study are the characteristics of the main elements of a promising pension system – basic pension income, insurance and supplementary pension. A matrix of risks of introducing basic pension income into the pension system has been constructed, and a risk management system has been described. The risks of high, medium and low probability during the transition to a new state pension system and the possibility of improving the standard of living of pensioners are specified. The directions of further research are outlined, which consist in supplementing the logical method of identifying risks and opportunities for introducing basic pension income into the Russian pension system by obtaining appropriate risk-oriented expert assessments, as well as processing the results of a mass survey of respondents from among employees and pensioners who are not experts; to develop a roadmap for the transition from the current mechanism for paying insurance and social pensions to a new one based on risk management and the possibility of introducing basic pension income tools into the pension system.

KEYWORDS
universal basic income; basic pension income; risks; opportunities; state pension system; compulsory pension insurance; state pension provision; social protection; standard of living of pensioners; risk management

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
the reported study was funded by Russian Science Foundation grant 25-18-00228, https://rscf.ru/en/project/25-18-00228/, at the Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences

AUTHOR BIOGRAPHY

Vyacheslav N. Bobkov - Doctor of Economics, Professor, Honoured Science Worker of the Russian Federation, Head of the Scientific Project, Laboratory for Research on the Basic Pension, the Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Nikolay K. Dolgushkin – Doctor of Economics, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vice-President, the Russian Academy of Sciences

Ekaterina A. Smirnova – PhD in Economics, Associate Professor, Senior Researcher, the Laboratory for Research on the Basic Pension Income, the Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Vladimir V. Kovalenko – PhD in Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of Department of Information Technology and Mathematic, Sochi State University

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