Uncategorised

SECTION:

SOCIOLOGICAL RESEARCH

TITLE:

The Enterprise Ownership Factor in the Labor Behavior of Professionals and Skilled Workers in Russia

Aleksandr L. Temnitskii

Размер файла 2.828 MB Размер файла Full text

RAR (Research Article Report)

JEL J00

https://doi.org/10.52180/1999-9836_2026_22_3_7_453_466

AUTHOR

Aleksandr L. Temnitskii

Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University), Moscow, Russia

Institute of Sociology of the Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5275-7457

SPIN-code: 5717-0857

ResearcherID: I-4615-2018

Scopus Author ID: 25936831100

FOR CITATION

Temnitskii A.L. The Enterprise Ownership Factor in the Labor Behavior of Professionals and Skilled Workers in Russia. Uroven' Zhizni Naseleniya Regionov Rossii=Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia. 2026;22(3):438–451. https://doi.org/10.52180/1999-9836_2026_22_3_6_438_451 (In Russ.)

ABSTRACT

The paper, based on a secondary analysis of the Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey - Higher School of Economics (RLMS-HSE) combined dataset pertaining to health and economic welfare of households and individuals (1994-2024), deals with the particulars of employment and work behavior of professionals and skilled workers in the private and public enterprises. The main research objective is to determine private and public enterprises’ potential to become more attractive for modern hired workers. For that purpose, we compared public and private enterprises’ capabilities to provide professionals and workers with social benefits, pay rates, work hours, as well as pay satisfaction and general job satisfaction. The results show that private enterprise workers still lag behind their public sector counterparts when it comes to key social benefits, with the exception of subsidized meals. Starting from 2012, longer work hours for private enterprise workers stopped earning them higher pay compared to their counterparts in the public sector; the pay satisfaction level has also equalized between the two. The private ownership has a significant impact on the labor market outcomes among professionals who have always enjoyed higher earnings and pay satisfaction compared to their counterparts working at public enterprises. Using regression analysis with dummy variables, we demonstrated that the effect of private ownership on explaining variation in earnings have been decreasing steadily, and stopped being significant from 2016 on. Male gender and affiliation with a professional group make a stronger, more lasting impact.

KEYWORDS

Enterprise ownership form, work behavior, professionals, skilled workers, work hours, pay, social benefits, worker’s resource potential, secondary analysis

INFORMATION ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Aleksandr L. Temnitskii

Doctor of Sociology, Associate Professor, Sociological Department, Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University); Leading Researcher, Institute of Sociology of the Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

REFERENCES

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Uncategorised

SECTION:

ECONOMIC RESEARCH

TITLE:

Social Insurance: The History of the Issue in the Context of Basic Pension Income

Vyacheslav N. Bobkov, Grigory P. Degtyarev, Vadim I. Ryazantsev

Размер файла 2.828 MB Размер файла Full text

REV (Review article)

JEL I38, I32

https://doi.org/10.52180/1999-9836_2026_22_3_4_409_422

AUTHORS

Vyacheslav N. Bobkov

Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7364-5297

SPIN-code: 5639-0410

ResearcherID: U-6527-2019

Scopus ID: 55960509800

Grigory P. Degtyarev

Independent expert-researcher, Moscow, Russia

E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5443-6588

SPIN-code: 2756-3590

Vadim I. Ryazantsev

Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6249-0242

SPIN-code: 5026-3614

FOR CITATION

Bobkov V.N., Degtyarev G.P., Ryazantsev V.I. Social Insurance: The History of the Issue in the Context of Basic Pension Income. Uroven' Zhizni Naseleniya Regionov Rossii=Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia. 2026;22(3):409–422. https://doi.org/10.52180/1999-9836_2026_22_3_4_409_422 (In Russ.)

ABSTRACT

The article examines the genesis of the social insurance doctrine developed by A. Wagner, a representative of the German school of state socialism, which became the conceptual foundation of O. von Bismarck’s «social reforms from above». The aim is to trace the evolution of views on social insurance from classical liberalism to state socialism and to demonstrate the continuity of this doctrine in relation to contemporary debates on pension basic income. The methodology relies on historical-comparative analysis, content analysis of primary sources (A. Wagner «Die Sociale Frage», 1906; I.I. Chistyakov «Insurance of Workers in Russia», 1912; L.S. Tal «The Labour Contract», 1913) and a systemic approach. The empirical base includes both historical primary sources of the late 19th – early 20th centuries and current Russian and foreign studies of 2020–2026 on basic income, universal pensions and pension reforms. The paper shows that the integrated system of social reform proposed by A. Wagner (higher wages, compulsory insurance against sickness, disability and old age, factory legislation, tax reform) established the principles of solidarity and state responsibility, later developed in pre-revolutionary Russian thought and in the modern concept of pension basic income. The study concludes that pension basic income should be seen as an institutional continuation of the Wagnerian model of social insurance, which is of practical relevance for the transformation of the Russian pension system.

KEYWORDS

social insurance, german state socialism, A. Wagner, O. Bismarck, I.I. Chistyakov, L.S. Tal, history of social policy, basic pension income, basic pension, social protection, freedom of choice

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The reported study was funded by Russian Science Foundation grant 25-18-00228 at the Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

INFORMATION ABOUT THE AUTHORS

Vyacheslav N. Bobkov

Doctor of Economics, Professor, Honoured Science Worker of the Russian Federation, Head of Scientific Project, Laboratory for Research on the Basic Pension Income, Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Grigory P. Degtyarev

Doctor of Economics, Independent expert-researcher.

Vadim I. Ryazantsev

Intern Researcher, Laboratory for Research on the Basic Pension Income, Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

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Uncategorised

SECTION:

ECONOMIC RESEARCH

TITLE:

Informal Employment in the Digital Economy: Institutional Pitfalls and Social Risks

Natalya Yu. Kaufman, Svetlana Yu. Zelentsova

Размер файла 2.828 MB Размер файла Full text

RAR (Research Article Report)

JEL A13, B52, J21, O17

https://doi.org/10.52180/1999-9836_2026_22_3_3_392_408

AUTHORS

Natalya Yu. Kaufman

Surgut State University, Surgut, Russia

E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7385-9276

SPIN-code: 4966-0185

ResearcherID: AAD-8367-2021

Svetlana Yu. Zelentsova

Surgut State University, Surgut, Russia

E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6803-3082

SPIN-code: 1892-0167

ResearcherID: KIK-2693-2024

FOR CITATION

Kaufman N.Yu., Zelentsova S.Yu. Informal Employment in the Digital Economy: Institutional Pitfalls and Social Risks. Uroven' Zhizni Naseleniya Regionov Rossii=Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia. 2026;22(3):392–408. https://doi.org/10.52180/1999-9836_2026_22_3_3_392_408 (In Russ.)

ABSTRACT

In the context of the ongoing changes, the relevance of the study is due to the rapid digitalization of the labour market, which generates new hybrid forms of employment, which are developing faster than the formation of an adequate regulatory framework, which creates the prerequisites for the expansion of informal employment in the digital environment, associated with large-scale social risks. The theoretical basis is neoinstitutional economic theory (D. North), the methodological framework includes institutional, systemic and evolutionary approaches, methods of classification, statistical and comparative analysis, matrix modeling. The empirical basis of the study was made up of data from Rosstat, the Federal Tax Service, expert estimates of fiscal losses, as well as the results of domestic and foreign studies. The aim of the study is to identify and analyze the key institutional traps that determine the sustainability of informal employment in the digital economy, and systematize the social risks generated by them. The study pursues four objectives: the concept of «informal employment in the digital economy» is develops a conceptual definition from the standpoint of institutional economic theory; systematized and classified institutional traps characteristic of the digital environment; social risks associated with identified traps are identified; guidelines for institutional change are formulated. The study identified four key institutional traps of informal employment in the digital economy: legal uncertainty, bogus self-employment, flexibility as coercion, and platform intermediation. Based on the analysis, a social risk matrix was developed and it was established that the cumulative effect of the identified traps generates systemic consequences at the individual (greater vulnerability), group (growing inequality, degradation of collective forms of protection and solidarity) and system-wide (fiscal losses) levels, consolidating the «digital precariat» layer. The practical significance of the study lies in the justification of the directions of institutional changes aimed at overcoming the identified pitfalls: differentiation of the legal status of employees, improving mechanisms for the reclassification of civil-law contracts as employment relationships, ensuring the transparency of digital mediation and support for new forms of collective protection. The prospects for further research are related to the empirical verification of the proposed mechanisms and the development of methods for assessing the effectiveness of institutional transformations in the field of the regulation of digital employment.

KEYWORDS

informal employment, digital economy, institutional traps, social risks, platform employment, digital precariat

INFORMATION ABOUT THE AUTHORS

Natalya Yu. Kaufman

PhD in Economics, Associate Professor, Surgut State University.

Svetlana Yu. Zelentsova

PhD in Economics, Associate Professor, Surgut State University.

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Uncategorised

SECTION:

ECONOMIC RESEARCH

TITLE:

Empirical Analysis of the Impact of Uncertainty on Consumer Markets in Russian Regions

Gulnara F. Romashkina, Maksim R. Zanchuk

Размер файла 2.828 MB Размер файла Full text

RAR (Research Article Report)

JEL D12, E21, G41

https://doi.org/10.52180/1999-9836_2026_22_3_2_380_391

AUTHORS

Gulnara F. Romashkina

Tyumen State University, Tyumen, Russia

E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7764-5566

SPIN-code: 7764-5566

ResearcherID: O-7221-2017

Scopus Author ID: 57219916692

Maksim R. Zanchuk

Tyumen State University, Tyumen, Russia

E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9912-1416

SPIN-code: 9904-4280

FOR CITATION

Romashkina G.F., Zanchuk M.R. Empirical Analysis of the Impact of Uncertainty on Consumer Markets in Russian Regions. Uroven' Zhizni Naseleniya Regionov Rossii=Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia. 2026;22(3):380–391. https://doi.org/10.52180/1999-9836_2026_22_3_2_380_391 (In Russ.)

ABSTRACT

The last decade has been characterized by an increasing role of fundamental uncertainty in the Russian economy, related to both external and internal factors. The consumer behaviour across Russian regions, on the one hand, is influenced by standard factors, describing the macroeconomic situation, while on the other hand, it is exposed to panic responses and information asymmetry. The purpose of this article is to conduct a study of the impact of perceived fundamental uncertainty on consumer behavior using the theoretical developments of the Keynesian and post-Keynesian scientific traditions, using data from Russian regions. The empirical analysis is based on regional data from the Russian state statistics for the period from 2000 to 2024. The main method of analysis is a stepwise regression with random effects, where the dependent variable is the average propensity to consume. In the study, various nonlinear models were tested to estimate the possibilities of considering uncertainty. The level of uncertainty was assessed on an information uncertainty index, which was calculated based on the mentions of the term «uncertainty» in newspapers. The rest of the parameters formed a standard set of macroeconomic indicators. The main result of the study was the confirmation of a statistically significant positive connection between news uncertainty and the average propensity to consume. It was concluded that increased uncertainty provokes panic consumption, reflecting an increased propensity to consume while maintaining the significance of standard macroeconomic parameters (GRP per capita, real income and unemployment rate). Possibilities for nonlinear modeling were revealed in describing consumer behavior using the example of Russian regions. There were presented the examples of models that describe the specificity of Russian regions more adequately. Highly significant regional differences were revealed, reflecting the participation of hidden regional factors in the formation of consumer behavior. Thus, the research has confirmed the heuristic possibilities of post-Keynesian theory in describing the dynamics of consumer behavior on empirical data.

KEYWORDS

consumer behavior, propensity, uncertainty, post-Keynesianism, expectations, panel data

INFORMATION ABOUT THE AUTHORS

Gulnara F. Romashkina

Doctor of Sociology, Professor, Tyumen State University.

Maksim R. Zanchuk

Postgraduate Student, Tyumen State University.

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Uncategorised

SECTION:

ARTICLE OF THE ISSUE

TITLE:

(In)stability of the Employment Position of Economically (In)active Individuals in Russia

Elena V. Odintsova

Размер файла 2.828 MB Размер файла Full text

RAR (Research Article Report)

JEL J21, J6

https://doi.org/10.52180/1999-9836_2026_22_3_1_368_379

AUTHOR

Elena V. Odintsova

Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7906-8520

SPIN-code: 1866-4793

ResearcherID: U-7061-2019

FOR CITATION

Odintsova E.V. (In)stability of the Employment Position of Economically (In)active Individuals in Russia. Uroven' Zhizni Naseleniya Regionov Rossii=Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia. 2026;22(3):368–379. https://doi.org/10.52180/1999-9836_2026_22_3_1_368_379 (In Russ.)

ABSTRACT

The purpose of the research presented in the article was to identify the (in)stability characteristics of the employment position of economically active and inactive individuals in Russia. Changes in the employment position and quality of employment of workers, identified in the sustainability – precarity paradigm based on relevant indicators, were tracked over the period 2014–2023, comparing the situation in the «baseline» year of 2023, which represents the current situation, with the «reference» year of 2014. Based on the microdata of the Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey – Higher School of Economics (RLMS-HSE), the following groups were considered, reflecting the existing employment position and quality of employment: I. Employees in organizations whose employment is characterized as: (1.1) sustainable, (1.2) insecure, (1.3) not ensuring economic sustainability of households, and (1.4) precarious; II. Employees not in organizations (potentially precarious employment); III. Unemployed (temporarily unemployed, an extreme form of precarious employment); IV. Persons outside the economic activity. The scale of these enlarged groups of the economically (non)active population in 2023, the (non)stability of the positioning in these groups relative to 2014, and the movements between groups with different employment position and quality of employment have been determined. It was found that 59.3% of those who were economically active and 29.9% of those who were economically inactive in 2023 had unstable employment position compared to 2014. However, most of those with unstable employment position experienced changes within the «vulnerability contour», which refers to transitions between low-quality employment segments, including precarious employment, temporary unemployment (an extreme form of precarious employment), and economic inactivity.

KEYWORDS

employment position, quality of employment, instability, unsustainability (precarity), economic activity, employment, unemployment, economic inactivity

INFORMATION ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Elena V. Odintsova

PhD in Economics, Leading Researcher, Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

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